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ross d basics nuclear particle physics 2022

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Textbook in PDF format This undergraduate textbook breaks down the basics of Nuclear Structure and modern Particle Physics. Based on a comprehensive set of course notes, it covers all the introductory material and latest research developments required by third- and fourth-year physics students. The textbook is divided into two parts. Part I deals with Nuclear Structure, while Part II delves into Particle Physics. Each section contains the most recent science in the field, including experimental data and research on the properties of the top quark and Higgs boson. Detailed mathematical derivations are provided where necessary to helps students grasp the physics at a deeper level. Many of these have been conveniently placed in the Appendices and can be omitted if desired. Each chapter ends with a brief summary and includes a number of practice problems, the answers to which are also provided. Preface The Scope of This Book Chapter Structures Units Citations Acknowledgements Units and Constants Historical Introduction Part I Nuclear Structure Rutherford Scattering The ``Plum Pudding'' Model The Geiger-Marsden Experiments Rutherford's Scattering Formula Flux and Cross Section Inconsistency of the ``Plum Pudding'' Model Confirmation of Rutherford Scattering Cross Section What About Quantum Effects? Summary Problems Appendix – Relation Between Scattering Angle and Impact Parameter Nuclear Size and Shape What Is ``Size''? The Limitations of Rutherford Scattering Diffraction The Saxon–Woods Distribution Electric Quadrupole Moments Strong Force Distribution Summary Problems Appendix – The Born Approximation Nuclear Masses and the Semi-Empirical Mass Formula Some Nuclear Nomenclature Measuring Nuclear Masses Binding Energy Semi-Empirical Mass Formula Most Stable Isobars Stability of Isotopes Summary Problems Appendix – The Energy of a Fermi Gas of Free Particles The Nuclear Shell Model Magic Numbers Shell Model Spin and Parity of Nuclear Ground States Magnetic Dipole Moments Excited States The Collective Model Summary Problems Radioactivity Types of Radioactivity Detecting Radioactivity Ionization Chamber Geiger Counter Scintillation Counters Semiconductor Detectors Decay Rates Random Decay Radiometric Dating Radiocarbon Dating Multi-Modal Decays Decay Chains Induced Radioactivity Neutron Emission Summary Problems Appendix : Poisson Distribution Alpha Decay Kinematics Decay Mechanism Empirical Formulae Angular Momentum Hindrance Factor Summary Problems Appendix : Quantum Tunnelling Beta-Decay Kinematics Neutrinos Fermi Theory Density of States Decay Matrix Element Decay Rate Kurie Plots Selection Rules Electron Capture Parity Violation Helicity Double Beta-Decay Neutrinoless Double Beta-Decay Summary Problems Appendix : Fermi's Golden Rule Gamma Decay Radiation Modes and Selection Rules Decay Rates Small Energy Shifts Hyperfine Structure Isomeric Shift Electric Quadrupole Shift The Mössbauer Effect Measurement of Line-Widths Measurement of Isomeric Shift and QuadrupoleSplitting The Gravitational Redshift Internal Conversion Summary Problems Appendix : Weisskopf's Decay Rate Estimate Nuclear Fission Nuclear Transmutation Discovery of Fission Fission Mechanism Spontaneous Fission Fission Products Induced Fission Chain Reactions Summary Problems Nuclear Fusion Examples of Fusion Kinematics Fusion Rates Fusion in Stars The p–p Cycle The CNO Cycle Fusion Reactors Summary Problems Charge Independence and Isospin Mirror Nuclides and Charge Independence Isospin Summary Problems Part II Particle Physics The Forces of Nature and Particle Classification What Is Particle Physics? Forces of Nature Particle Classification Leptons Hadrons Antiparticles Particles and Fields Force Carriers Particle Decays Long-Lived Particles Resonances Branching Ratios and Partial Widths Summary Problems Particle Accelerators Fixed Target Experiments vs Colliding Beams Luminosity Types of Accelerators Cyclotrons Linear Accelerators Particle Accelerators: Past, Present and Future LEP HERA Tevatron LHC Hadron vs e+e- Colliders, and Their Future Summary Problems Particle Detectors Particle Interaction with Matter Modern Detectors and Their Components Summary Problems Constituent Quarks Quarks Hadrons from u- and d-Quarks and Antiquarks Baryons Mesons Hadrons with s-Quarks (or s-Antiquarks) Hyperons Strange Mesons The Eightfold Way Weight Diagrams for Baryons Weight Diagrams for Mesons Associated Production and Decay Heavy Flavours Quark Colour ``Exotic'' Hadrons Summary Problems Particle Interactions and Cross Sections Relativistic Approach to Interactions Virtual Particles Relativistic Momentum Transfer Feynman Diagrams Multiple Feynman Graphs Cross Section Relativistic Density of States Flux Factor Crossing Resonances Multi-Particle Final States Summary Problems Appendix – Propagator for an Unstable Particle Weak Interactions W- and Z-Boson Interactions Cabibbo Theory Leptonic, Semi-leptonic and Hadronic Weak Decays Flavour Selection Rules in Weak Interactions Parity Violation Processes with Z-Boson Exchange The Magnitude of Low-Energy Weak Processes Summary Problems The Higgs Mechanism and the Higgs Boson The Higgs Field and the Mechanism of Particle MassGeneration The Properties of the Higgs Boson Higgs Boson Production: Discovery and Future Prospects Summary Problems Appendix : Masses from the Higgs Mechanism Electromagnetic Interactions Electromagnetic Decays Neutral Pion Decay Electron–Positron Annihilation Fragmentation Resonances Deep Inelastic Scattering Summary Problems Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Gluons and Colour Running Coupling Quark Confinement Quark–Antiquark Potential and Heavy Quark Bound States Three Jets in Electron–Positron Annihilation Sea Quarks and Gluon Content of Hadrons Parton Distribution Functions Factorization Deep Inelastic Scattering Revisited Lattice QCD Summary Problems Parity, Charge Conjugation and CP Intrinsic Parity Charge Conjugation CP K-K Oscillations CP Violation CP Violation and the CKM Matrix Summary Problems Appendix A: Neutral Kaon Oscillations Appendix B: The Cabibbo and CKM Matrices Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) The Status of the Standard Model Experimental Motivation for BSM Physics Neutrino Oscillations and Neutrino Mass Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry Dark Matter and Dark Energy Theoretical Motivations for BSM and Promising Models Unification of Forces Supersymmetry Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) Quantum Corrections to the Higgs Mass, Hierarchy and Fine-Tuning New Strong Interactions and Composite HiggsModels Unification with Gravity and Strings Searches and Prospects for BSM Physics Summary Answers to Problems Acronyms and Abbreviations Chemical Symbols Glossary References Index

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Belyaev A., Ross D. The Basics of Nuclear and Particle Physics 2022.pdf 9.4 MB

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ross d basics nuclear particle physics 2022

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