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mclaughlin e muncie j sage dictionary criminology 2001

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Textbook in PDF format The Sage Dictionary of Criminology explores the categories of thought, methods and practices that are central to contemporary criminological study. Unlike many other dictionaries or encyclopaedias in this area, its starting point is not to elucidate particular legal powers or criminal justice procedures but to unravel issues of theoretical and conceptual complexity. The dictionary was constructed on the principle that criminology is a contested interdisciplinary discourse marked by constant incursion, interactions, translations and transgressions. Competing theoretical perspectives meet and sometimes they are able to speak to, listen to and understand each other, at others they appear not to share any common discourse. There is, therefore, no one definition of criminology to be found in this dictionary but a multitude of noisy argumentative criminological perspectives which in themselves often depend and draw upon knowledges and concerns generated from elsewhere. As a result, the dictionary deliberately includes pieces that depart from traditional agendas, transgress conventional boundaries and suggest new points of formation and avenues for cross-discipline development. Many of the entries will be of vital importance in understanding criminology in terms of what it is discursively struggling to become. A canonical closure or discursive unication of criminology is no more possible at the beginning of the twenty-rst century than it was at the beginning of the twentieth century. New modes of information exchange and the unprecedented mobility of ideas rule out disciplinary parochialism and assertion of authoritative positions. This is what will give criminology its intellectual strength and ensure that the eld of criminological studies remains dynamic and relevant for future generations of students. The rationale of the dictionary can best be explained by way of a detailing of its scope and structure. In compiling this dictionary every effort has been made to ensure that it is broadly representative and inclusive in tone, re¯ecting the field of criminology in its diverse and expansive dimensions. Though they appear in alphabetical order, the choice of entries has been guided by four organizing principles. Each entry concerns one of the following: · a major theoretical position; · a key theoretical concept; · a central criminological method; or · a core criminal justice philosophy or practice. Each entry is central to the eld, standing either as an intellectual benchmark, or as an emergent thematic in the shifting and expanding field of criminological studies. As a result, the dictionary provides a comprehensive introduction to criminological theory, its diverse frames of reference and its expansive modes of analysis. Throughout, the dictionary aims to be fully international and deliberately avoids legal terms and cases which are specific to particular criminal justice jurisdictions. For the same reason it also deliberately avoids legally defined acts of crime ± such as theft, burglary, murder and so on ± but does include those crimes' which are either emergent ± such as cybercrime and animal abuse ± or those with a wider theoretical resonance ± such as corporate crime, serial killing, hate crime and so on. In selecting these entries we have been particularly concerned to help students to think through and utilize key concepts, methods and practices and to complement as well as supplement the teaching materials already used in university and college-based criminology and related courses. It is designed as an accessible learning resource for undergraduate students in the fields of criminology, criminal justice studies, the sociology of crime and deviance, socio-legal studies, social policy, criminal law and social work. To ensure maximum accessibility each entry is headed by a short statement or definition which sets out the basic parameters of the concept itself. From here any comparability with an orthodox dictionary ends. The following section ± distinctive features ± is more encyclopaedic in style and allows for some detailed comment on the concept's origins, development and general significance. Throughout, we have encouraged authors to reflect critically and freely on criminology's historical knowledge base and on potential future developments. We have ensured that a final section ± evaluation ± has been included for all major theoretical positions. This allows for some initial considered and critical assessment of how they have been or can be debated, challenged and reworked. Evaluation sections also appear in many of the other entries, but at the discretion of the individual authors. As a guide, we have encouraged entries of up to 1500 words each for major theoretical positions and up to 1000 words each for theoretical concepts, methods and criminal justice concepts. Each entry is also cross-referenced to those other associated concepts included in the dictionary to facilitate a broader and in-depth study. Finally, each entry concludes with a list of up to six key readings to reinforce the aim of the dictionary as a learning resource to be built upon by the reader. We are also aware that for many students an initial entry into criminological study is as much through the names of particular authors as it is through a particular key concept. To this end, the dictionary concludes with both a subject index and a name index to further enhance its accessibility. All these features are designed to facilitate the dictionary's use as a study guide for introductory courses in the field, as a source of reference for advanced study, as a supplement to established textbooks and as a reference guide to the specialized language of theoretical and conceptual criminology. Patient reading will uncover the full range of connections to be made across the entries and their associated concepts. There is one final point we wish to make. This dictionary originated in a series of conversations between ourselves and Gillian Stern in London and Milton Keynes in 1997 and 1998. We finally committed ourselves to the dictionary when we realized that it fitted in with the criminological project we had embarked upon at the Open University. We continue to view this dictionary as part of our ongoing dialogue with/in criminology and we intend to produce a second edition which will enable us to reflect on the framework we have constructed and expand upon the range of theoretical perspectives, concepts, methodologies and emergent issues. We will persist with our efforts to be as inclusive and internationalist as possible and to emphasize the importance of a theory-led criminology. To this end we would welcome feedback as well as any possible future contributions. Eugene McLaughlin John Muncie List of Contributors vii Preface ix Editors' Introduction xi The Sage Dictionary of Criminology 1 Subject Index 324 Name Index 331

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mclaughlin e muncie j sage dictionary criminology 2001