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akten m foundations structural biology 2024

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Textbook in PDF format Preface Molecular Biology Relationship with Structural Biology Historical Development and Milestones in the Field Discovery of Cells (th Century) X-ray Crystallography (Early th Century) Protein Structures (s) DNA Double Helix Ribosome Structure (s) NMR Spectroscopy (s) Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) Advancements (s) Structural Genomics (s) Advent of Computational Structural Biology (ongoing) Personalized Medicine (ongoing) Drug Discovery (ongoing) Importance and Applications of Structural Biology in Various Scientific Disciplines Importance Future Applications Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Biomolecular Structure Introduction Biomolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Enzymes Properties of Biomacromolecules in the Crystalline State Protein Crystals Physical Properties Chemistry of Crystalline Proteins Chemical Reactivity Enzymatic and Biological Activity Crystal versus Solution NMR Studies Crystallographic Temperature Factors Structural Heterogeneity in Protein Crystals Chemical Bonds in Biomolecules Primary Bonds Secondary Bonds Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Techniques in Structural Biology Introduction X-Ray Crystallography Principle Instrumentation Steps of X-ray Crystallography Mathematics in Data Analysis of X-ray Crystallography Applications Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Basic NMR Techniques Correlation Spectroscopy Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy NMR Spectroscopy and Rechargeable Batteries Electron Microscopy Types Sample Preparation for TEM EM Workflows Disadvantages Computational Structural Biology The Breadth of Computational Biology The Quest to Understand the Molecular Mechanisms Challenges in Computational Structural Biology Some Emerging Principles in Computational Structural Biology Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Protein Structure and Function Introduction Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structures of Proteins Primary Structure Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure Protein Folding and Stability Stability of Protein Enzyme Structure and Function Enzyme Structure Enzymes Classification Examples of Enzymes Mechanism of Enzyme Reaction Enzyme-Substrate Interactions Action and Nature of Enzymes Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Functions of Enzymes Protein-Ligand Interactions Physicochemical Mechanisms of Protein–Ligand Interaction Protein–Ligand Binding Models Methods Used to Investigate Protein–Ligand Binding Affinity Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Nucleic Acid Structure and Function Introduction Basics of Nucleic Acid Structure Nucleotides: Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Properties of DNA Ribonucleic acid DNA Structure DNA Is Composed of Polynucleotide Chains Each Base Has Its Preferred Tautomeric Form The Two Chains of the Double Helix Have Complementary Sequences Hydrogen Bonding Is Important for the Specificity of Base Pairing Bases can Flip Out from the Double Helix DNA Is Usually a Right-Handed Double Helix The Double Helix Has Minor and Major Grooves The Major Groove is Rich in Chemical Information The Double Helix Exists in Multiple Conformations DNA Can Sometimes Form a Left-Handed Helix DNA-Protein Interactions Ribonucleic Acid Structure and Function Structure of RNA Chemical Structure Biological Structure of RNA Functions of RNA in Protein Synthesis RNA Folding and Catalytic Function Secondary Structure Prediction Methods Ribozymes and Riboswitches: RNA Catalytic Functions RNA Folding and Three-Dimensional Structure Determination Non-Coding RNAs and Functional Implications Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Membrane Proteins and Lipid Bilayers Introduction Membrane Proteins The Critical Role of Membrane Proteins Classification and Functions of Membrane Proteins Functions of Membrane Proteins Types of Membrane Transport Processes Challenges and Future Prospects for Medicine / Industry Membrane Structure and Composition Lipid Bilayer: The Foundation of Membranes Phospholipid Diversity: Building Blocks of Membranes Cholesterol: The Membrane’s Stabilizing Factor Proteins: The Functional Players Membrane Fluidity: A Dynamic Property Membrane Proteins: Functional Diversity Membrane Asymmetry: The Inside-Out Complexity Membrane Domains: Microenvironments of Specialization Membrane Fusion and Fission: Dynamic Remodeling Membrane Protein Topology and Functions Membrane Protein Topology: The Arrangement within Lipid Bilayers Functions of Membrane Proteins: The Cellular Workhorses Techniques for Studying Membrane Proteins Lipid Bilayers Structure and Organization Discovery of the Lipid Bilayer Models of Plasma Membrane Lipid and Lipid Bilayer Model Dannelli Model (Sandwich Models) Unit Membrane Model Fluid Mosaic Model Functions of the Plasma Membrane Molecular Composition of the Cell Membrane The Lipid Bilayer and its Composition Membrane Fluidity Membrane Proteins Functions of Membrane Proteins Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Structural Biology in Drug Design and Biotechnology Introduction The Evolving Role of Structural Biology in Drug Discovery The Expanding Toolbox of Structural Biology for Drug Discovery The Various Uses of Structural Biology in Drug Discovery Bioinformatics in Drug Design: Opportunities and Challenges for Target Identification Target Identification from Sequence structure Homology Recognition Target Validation and the Identification of Ligand Binding Regions Lead Discovery Strategies in the Rational Drug Design Strategy Applied For A System-I Strategy Applied For A System-II Strategy Applied For A System-III Strategies for the System IV Summary Multiple Choice Questions Review Questions References Index

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akten m foundations structural biology 2024

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