PirateBay Download | tonry m oxford handbook crime criminal justice 2012

tonry m oxford handbook crime criminal justice 2012

Type:: E-books
Files:: 1
Size:: 5.2 MB
Uploaded On:: April 11, 2024, 2:16 p.m.
Added By:: andryold1
Seeders:: 4
Leechers:: 0
Info Hash:: D2092C207B9BF6E5D3365D44A7D5E0831070C362

Textbook in PDF format The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice edited by Michael Tonry is an essential guide to the development and operation of the American criminal justice system. A leading scholar in the field and an experienced editor, Michael Tonry has brought together a team of first-rate scholars to provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview and introduction to this crucial institution. Expertly organized, the various sections of the Handbook explore the American criminal justice system from a variety of perspectives-including its purposes, functions, problems, and priorities-and present analyses of police and policing, juvenile justice, prosecution and sentencing, and community and institutional corrections, making it a complete and unrivaled portrait of how America approaches crime and criminal justice, and giving persuasive answers as to why and how it has developed to what it is today. Accessibly written for a wide audience, the Handbook serves as a definitive reference for scholars and a broad survey for students in criminology and criminal justice. Although criminal justice systems in developed Western countries are much alike in form, structure, and function, the American system is unique. While it is structurally similar to those of other Western countries, the punishments it imposes are often vastly harsher. No other Western country retains capital punishment or regularly employs life-without-parole, three-strikes, or lengthy mandatory minimum sentencing laws. As a result, the U.S. imprisonment rate of nearly 800 per 100,000 residents dwarfs rates elsewhere. Criminal justice systems in developed Western countries are much alike in form, structure, and function. They encompass written criminal codes; professional police, prosecution, and judicial systems; and a variety of pretrial, community, and custodial corrections programs and institutions. Details vary. In most countries, judges and prosecutors are nonpartisan civil servants; in the United States and Switzerland, many prosecutors and judges are elected or appointed by politicians. Prosecutors in some countries are governed by the “equality principle,” in others by the “expediency principle.” In equality principle systems, prosecutors in theory do not exercise discretion and prosecute all cases in which they believe crimes can be proven. In expediency principle systems, prosecutors may choose whether to prosecute a case on the basis of a range of practical and policy considerations. English-speaking common-law countries operate “adversarial” systems in which lawyers for the state and the defendant present evidence and try to persuade the judge how to interpret and apply the law. Judges —and sometimes juries—in theory are blank slates and consider only the evidence presented and are mostly passive receivers of information. Continental European civil-law countries operate “inquisitorial” systems in which judges dominate the fact-finding and trial processes, and lawyers play less active roles. Nonetheless, at day’s end, in fundamental ways all systems are similar: defendants must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and when they are, judges must determine an appropriate sentence choosing from a range of options that is much the same everywhere. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice edited by Michael Tonry provides an invaluable resource for beginning to understand criminology and criminal justice's history in order to better understand its present. It also illuminates avenues into the future-paths criminologists can take to avoid the pitfalls of the past and learn from its lessons Finally, the authors of the chapters almost always bring their discussion back to the present. This is important, as it connects the past to the present. In this way, criminology and criminal justice can proceed with a strong foundation of what has happened in the field, why it might have happened the way it did, and what we can do better moving forward. Contents Front Matter Series Information List of Contributors Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice Crime and Criminal Justice Michael Tonry Crime Trends Eric Baumer Evidencebased Crime Policy Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington Purposes and Functions Punishment Michael Tonry Crime Prevention Brandon C. Welsh Treatment and Rehabilitation Francis T. Cullen and Paula Smith General Deterrence Robert Apel and Daniel S. Nagin Reparation and Restoration Kathleen Daly and Gitana ProiettiScifoni Reassurance, Reinforcement, and Legitimacy Matt Matravers Problems and Priorities Drugs and Crime Jonathan P. Caulkins and Mark A. R. Kleiman Race, Ethnicity, and Crime Cassia Spohn Sex, Gender, and Crime Rosemary Gartner Immigrants and Crime Sandra Bucerius Guns and Crime Charles Wellford Work and Crime Aaron Chalfin and Steven Raphael Police and Policing Police Organization Stephen D. Mastrofski and James J. Willis Police and Crime Control Lawrence W. Sherman Community and ProblemOriented Policing Michael D. Reisig Legitimacy and Lawful Policing Sanja Kutnjak Ivković Juvenile Justice Juvenile justice Barry C. Feld and Donna M. Bishop Prosecution and Sentencing Prosecution Candace McCoy Sentencing Brian D. Johnson Mandatory Penalties Michael Tonry Capital Punishment Ray Paternoster Corrections Jails and Pretrial Release Brandon K. Applegate Probation and Community Penalties Stan C. Proband Drug and Other Specialty Courts Ojmarrh Mitchell Prisons Yvonne Jewkes Women’s Prisons Candace Kruttschnitt Parole and Prisoner Reentry Joan Petersilia Index

Get This Torrent

Tonry M. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice 2012.pdf 5.2 MB

Details for: Tonry M. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice 2012

tonry m oxford handbook crime criminal justice 2012