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friedland relyea r essentials environmental science 2015

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Textbook in PDF format With streamlined coverage of ecology, agriculture, energy, and water Essentials of Environmental Science provides a focused treatment of science concepts to help you think think critically about the data presented. Front Cover Half Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Brief Contents About the Authors Content Advisory Board Preface Supplements Acknowledgments Chapter Highlights Introduction to Environmental Science Chapter Opener: To Frack, Or Not to Frack Understand the Key Ideas Environmental science offers important insights into our world and how we influence it Humans alter natural systems Environmental scientists monitor natural systems for signs of stress Human well-being depends on sustainable practices Science is a process Environmental science presents unique challenges Working Toward Sustainability: Using Environmental Indicators to Make a Better City Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Exploring Your Footprint Matter, Energy, and Change Chapter Opener: A Lake of Salt Water, Dust Storms, and Endangered Species Understand the Key Ideas Earth is a single interconnected system All environmental systems consist of matter Energy is a fundamental component of environmental systems Energy conversions underlie all ecological processes Systems analysis shows how matter and energy flow in the environment Working Toward Sustainability: Managing Environmental Systems in the Florida Everglades Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Bottled Water versus Tap Water Ecosystem Ecology and Biomes Chapter Opener: Reversing the Deforestation of Haiti Understand the Key Ideas Energy flows through ecosystems Matter cycles through the biosphere Global processes determine weather and climate Variations in climate determine Earth’s dominant plant growth forms Working Toward Sustainability: Is Your Coffee Made in the Shade? Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Evolution, Biodiversity, and Community Ecology Chapter Opener: The Dung of the Devil Understand the Key Ideas Evolution is the mechanism underlying biodiversity Evolution shapes ecological niches and determines species distributions Population ecologists study the factors that regulate population abundance and distribution Growth models help ecologists understand population changes Community ecologists study species interactions The composition of a community changes over time and is influenced by many factors Working Toward Sustainability: Bringing Back the Black-Footed Ferret Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: The Living Planet Index Human Population Growth Chapter Opener: The Environmental Implications of China’s Growing Population Understand the Key Ideas Scientists disagree on Earth’s carrying capacity Many factors drive human population growth Many nations go through a demographic transition Population size and consumption interact to influence the environment Sustainable development is a common, if elusive, goal Working Toward Sustainability: Gender Equity and Population Control in Kerala Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: National Footprints Geologic Processes, Soils, and Minerals Chapter Opener: Are Hybrid Electric Vehicles as Environmentally Friendly as We Think? Understand the Key Ideas The availability of Earth’s resources was determined when the planet formed Earth is dynamic and constantly changing The rock cycle recycles scarce minerals and elements Soil links the rock cycle and the biosphere The uneven distribution of mineral resources has social and environmental consequences Working Toward Sustainability: Mine Reclamation and Biodiversity Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: What is the Impact of Your Diet on Soil Dynamics? Land Resources and Agriculture Chapter Opener: A Farm Where Animals Do Most of the Work Understand the Key Ideas Human land use affects the environment in many ways Land management practices vary according to their classification and use Residential land use is expanding Agriculture has generally improved the human diet but creates environmental problems Alternatives to industrial farming methods are gaining more attention Modern agribusiness includes farming meat and fish Working Toward Sustainability: The Dudley Street Neighborhood Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: The Ecological Footprint of Food Consumption Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy Chapter Opener: All Energy Use Has Consequences Understand the Key Ideas Nonrenewable energy accounts for most of our energy use Fossil fuels provide most of the world’s energy but the supply is limited Nuclear energy offers benefits and challenges We can reduce dependence on fossil fuels by reducing demand, and by using renewable energy andbiological fuels Energy from the Sun can be captured directly from the Sun, Earth, wind, and hydrogen How can we plan our energy future? Working Toward Sustainability: Meet TED: The Energy Detective Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Choosing a Car: Conventional or Hybrid? Water Resources and Water Pollution Chapter Opener: The Chesapeake Bay Understand the Key Ideas Water is abundant but usable water is rare Humans use and sometimes overuse water for agriculture, industry, and households The future of water availability depends on many factors Water pollution has many sources We have technologies to treat wastewater from humans and livestock Many substances pose serious threats to human health and the environment Oil pollution can have catastrophic environmental impacts A nation’s water quality is a reflection of its water laws and their enforcement Working Toward Sustainability: Is the Water in Your Toilet Too Clean? Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Gaining Access to Safe Water and Proper Sanitation Air Pollution Chapter Opener: Cleaning Up in Chattanooga Understand the Key Ideas Air pollutants are found throughout the entire global system Air pollution comes from both natural and human sources Photochemical smog is still an environmental problem in the United States Acid deposition is much less of a problem than it used to be Pollution control includes prevention, technology, and innovation The stratospheric ozone layer provides protection from ultraviolet solar radiation Indoor air pollution is a significant hazard, particularly in developing countries Working Toward Sustainability: A New Cook Stove Design Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Mercury Release from Coal Solid Waste Generationand Disposal Chapter Opener: Paper or Plastic? Understand the Key Ideas Humans generate waste that other organisms cannot use The three Rs and composting divert materials from the waste stream Currently, most solid waste is buried in landfills or incinerated Hazardous waste requires special means of disposal There are newer ways of thinking about solid waste Working Toward Sustainability: Recycling E-Waste in Chile Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Understanding Household Solid Waste Human Health Risk Chapter Opener: Citizen Scientists Understand the Key Ideas Human health is affected by a large number of risk factors Infectious diseases have killed large numbers of people Toxicology is the study of chemical risks Scientists can determine the concentrations of chemicals that harm organisms Risk analysis helps us assess, accept, and manage risk Working Toward Sustainability: The Global Fight Against Malaria Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: How Does Risk Affect Your Life Expectancy? Conservation of Biodiversity Chapter Opener: Modern Conservation Legacies Understand the Key Ideas We are in the midst of a sixth mass extinction Declining biodiversity has many causes The conservation of biodiversity often focuses on single species The conservation of biodiversity sometimes focuses on protecting entire ecosystems Working Toward Sustainability: Swapping Debtfor Nature Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: How Large Is Your Home? Climate Alteration and Global Warming Chapter Opener: Walking on Thin Ice Understand the Key Ideas Global change includes global climate change and global warming Solar radiation and greenhouse gases make our planet warm Sources of greenhouse gases are both natural and anthropogenic Changes in CO2 and global temperatures have been linked for millennia Feedbacks can increase or decrease the impact of climate change Global warming has serious consequences for the environment and organisms The Kyoto Protocol addresses climate change at the international level Working Toward Sustainability: Local Governments and Businesses Lead the Way on Reducing Greenhouse Gases Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: Carbon Produced by Different Modes of Travel Environmental Economics, Equity,and Policy Chapter Opener: Assembly Plants, Free Trade,and Sustainable Systems Understand the Key Ideas Sustainability is the ultimate goal of sound environmental science and policy Economic health depends on the availability of natural capital and basic human welfare Agencies, laws, and regulations are designed to protect our natural and human capital There are several approaches to measuring and achieving sustainability Two major challenges of our time are reducing poverty and stewarding the environment Working Toward Sustainability: Reuse-A-Sneaker Revisit the Key Ideas Check Your Understanding Apply The Concepts Measure Your Impact: GDP and Footprints Appendix: Fundamentals of Graphing Bibliography Glossary Index Back Cover

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Friedland A., Relyea R. Essentials of Environmental Science 2015.pdf 39.6 MB

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friedland relyea r essentials environmental science 2015