PirateBay Download | glaeser g ecosystems mediterranean sea photographic dive 2023

glaeser g ecosystems mediterranean sea photographic dive 2023

Type:: E-books
Files:: 1
Size:: 30.6 MB
Uploaded On:: March 21, 2023, 12:29 p.m.
Added By:: andryold1
Seeders:: 10
Leechers:: 0
Info Hash:: 672EC1B83732B4FE476BBA2F43F6AB269E44D71F

Textbook in PDF format This book invites snorkelers and divers on an educational visit to the most important ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea. Keystone species from brown algae to dolphins are presented in their marine habitats and understood as part of a complex ecological system. Instead of grouping animals and plants taxonomically, we have organised them according to the eight main habitats of the Mediterranean Sea. Our journey starts with different types of rocky grounds, then takes you further to the Mediterranean’s sandy and muddy grounds, and finally ends with the fish and dolphins of the blue open sea. You will be introduced to 220 ecologically significant animal and plant species via the texts of Daniel Abed-Navandi, a long-time lecturer on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea at the University of Vienna, and the photographs of Georg Glaeser, the master behind the camera, who captures marine life on the spot. Preface Humans as observers in the sea Greater abundance of organisms than on land Snorkelling and diving This book is a habitat guide… A few words about the authors Every time we put on fins and goggles… Habitat-Defining Parameters In the sea, just as on dry land, very different habitats exist Substances can travel very far Geological, geographical, and climatic parameters Impact of oceanic forces Proximity to river mouths Tropical or temperate “Keystone species” A journey along the path of solar energy Habitats in the Mediterranean Sea Bright, sun-exposed rocky ground Dark, shady rocky ground Sea caves Intertidal zone Sandy ground Seagrass Deep muddy ground Open water Impressive Photo Models in their Habitats Habitat: Sunlit Rocky Ground Durable subtrate Distinction based on solar irradiance Sun-loving Brown Algae The blanket-forming growth of Cystoseira kelp Seasonal changes Living off carbohydrate reserves until spring A chance for peacock’s tail and forkweed algae Other Algae in Shallow Seas A forest of umbrella algae blanketing the bottom Giant cell with nucleus at the base of the stalk A ground-breaking discovery Fertilised sea lettuce Every illuminated rock on the sea floor… Sessile Animals – Anemones Sea anemones: underwater gardeners Mediterranean snakelocks sea anemones form a “dinoflagellate garden” Two colour morphs with identical clone colonies Protection in the Poisonous Tentacle Forest Coral Polyps Coral colonies in the Mediterranean Pillow corals have their own microalgae garden Corals with only one polyp Sun-loving Sponges Sponges are sessile animals… The body of a sponge… Sponges constantly absorb water Symbiotic blue-green algae The yellow tube sponge Aplysina… Excurrent and incurrent openings Kidney Sponge, Chicken Liver Sponge, Bath Sponge Kidney sponge: cushion-shaped and slippery smooth Chicken liver sponge: reproduction through “abseiling” Bath sponges Complex cleaning process Tubeworms Plankton feeders growing among algae A complex feeding system The position of the radioles is optimised Hydropolyps – waiting for food Marine Grazers Mobile animals The sea hare Aplysia… Reproduction of sea hares When Mantel Flaps Become Wings Purple poison Cropped Down to the Bare Rock Purple Sea Urchin and Black Sea Urchin Light, waves, and warm water Purple sea urchin (1) Typical back decoration The black sea urchin (2) never picks up objects The Violet Sea Urchin Renewable teeth The violet sea urchin Sphaerechinus (3)… Not every violet sea urchin is a Easier to distinguish by their shell skeletons Abalones and Star Shells Abalones are crepuscular Leftovers Chestnut turban snails also graze during the day Protective lid in striking colours Algae Grazers The hermit crab… Protecting its soft body with a well-fitted snail shell the spider crab… A well-kept dorsal garden with Velcro-like mechanism Mysterious Colour Pattern Blue-yellow and yet almost invisible shrimp? Pregnant Palaemon females… Shoaling Fishes on their Pasture The salema porgy Sarpa… Migration through the Suez Canal: Rabbitfishes are displacing salema porgies Grazers and Predators Among blennies, there are several species that prefer to feed on algae. Asymmetrical claws Predatory crabs The brown mass attached to the crab’s abdomen (1)… Camouflaged Predators with Jet Propulsion Efficient preying in algae forests Good eyes, jet propulsion, and harpoon tentacles Colourful Shrimp Eaters Ocellated wrasse Nests made of algae threads Xanthochromic colour mutation Splendid Wrasses The rainbow wrasse Coris… Protogynous hermaphrodites The ornate wrasse Thalassoma … Mixed Diet The sharpsnout bream Diplodus puntazzo… The common two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris… The giant goby Gobius cobitis… The tripplefin blenny Tripterygion… Predators in Algae Forests The painted comber Serranus scriba… Simultaneous hermaphroditism Habitat: Shady Rocky Ground Green and red algae on poorly lit grounds More plankton-eating animals in darker regions Experts at Living in the Shade High amounts of chlorophyll turn algae dark green Green sponge ball and green sea fingers Calcium carbonate crystals as support and protection against grazing Mermaid’s fan The realm of red algae begins further down the sea Shadow pigments for light processing Red Algae Slimy surface Coralline algae Extensive algae beds Without artificial light… Blue Red Algae? Sessile Animals on Shady Surfaces Animals that remind us of plants The typical traits of land-dwelling animals Animals and plants differ in their metabolism Sessile animals feed on plankton Zoanthids Only small nodules after disturbance Tentacles around mouth opening Octocorals Octocorals and hexacorals Sea Fans or Gorgonians Masters in plankton filtration Sea fan corals have flexible horny skeletons Competition for Space to Grow Shortage of space Cold Water Gorgonians Colder than twenty degrees Animal and plant remains as nutrition Serpulids Serpulids A lid to close the tube Tube extension Spaghetti worms Ascidians, Oysters, and Bryozoans Ascidians are related to all vertebrates A body structure similar to that of corals Oysters Bryozoans… Bryozoan species with bag-shaped colony margins Mobile Animals on Shady Surfaces Predators due to lack of plant food The pilgrim hervia Cratena… Fireworm Amongst the hundreds of species of bristleworm… Gills branched like trees The white bristles are poisonous Crustaceans in the Shade A fireworm passes a hermit that lives in Calcium carbonate tubes crab A competitor for empty snail shells… The predatory hairy crab Pilumnus… Specialised “cutlery” Mediterranean Red Sea Star Echinaster Food consisting of tiny particles Breathing through gill rakes Hacelia… Ophidiaster… Predatory Sea Star Flexible arms and tube feet Patent-worthy glue More than Five Arms Coscinasterias sea star has a six to ten arms… Agile predator Digestion happens outside of the body The spiny starfish Marthasterias with its five arms… Hungry predator Five light-sensitive sensors on the ends of the arms Gill for breathing A Toxic Counter-attack Sea urchin vs. spiny starfish When a spiny starfish approaches… Injection of paralysing toxin Ambush Predators with Stinger The small red scorpionfish Scorpaena notata… Hungry fish take more risks Venomous stingers with eye spot On Shady Rocky Grounds The red-mouthed goby Zvonimir’s blenny The tompot blenny Parablennius gattorugine… The long-striped blenny Parablennius rouxi… Habitat: Dark Caves No noteworthy plant growth Primarily sessile, plankton-eating animals Typical succession of inhabitants Mobile animals use the cave in different ways Anemones, Corals, and Bryozoans A club-tipped anemone at the entrance A sunset cup coral on the walls A rare sight: precious corals False corals Schizoretepora bryozoans Plankton-gathering apparatus with a flow-optimised shape Varyingly constant current directions Sponges in Caves Sponge communities Sea sponges are the oldest multicellular animals Two “good inventions” The horny sponge Growth form depends on the current Race to the current Not the suction cup marks of an octopus Blue sponges are rare More Cave Animals In the darkest corners… A sea squirt colony The stony sponge The dotted sea slug A spiny lobster in a niche… In the niches of sea caves, cleaner shrimps… On the Rise in the Mediterranean The wrinkled spider crab Herbstia… “Sublethal predation” Within a few decades Only in the northern Adriatic Sea… Slipper and Squat Lobsters Crevices in cave walls… Antennae with slightly different functions Rocks that lie on cave floors… Pincer legs can regenerate themselves Octopus In rock niches with narrow entrances Leftover food lying outside the octopus’s den Extremely efficient predator Almost ready to go Camouflage and Surprises Change of colour within seconds Octopuses’ ability to learn and intelligence… Unscrewing a camera Black-brown ink cloud Hunters and Hunted Octopuses also have enemies Larger prey Conger eel The Dusky Grouper One of the largest fish in the Mediterranean Prey is sucked in Difficult to swallow In need of protection The closer you look, the more living beings… Only five millimetres long… The smaller, the more difficult to find Colourful Underwater World? The full colour spectrum Sunlight and flashlight Which colour is the “real” one? The total distance matters Even at a minimal distance Flash or daylight lamps Colour Riddle Red as camouflage colour The same mysterious colour pattern… Two lines of thought to interpret colours: Mouthbrooder Habitat: Intertidal Zone Challenging environment Half of the time the area is dry Coping with extreme conditions Beadlet Anemone and Gastropods Waiting for better tides Hard and waterproof shell Heavy algae growth Mussels and Crustaceans Plankton-eating mussels Incurrent openings, gills, and faecal strands Where there is even less water Only very few hours per month to live Some animals change their location quickly Keeping the gills moist Insects in the Sea or Crustaceans on Land? Insects on land are equivalent to crustaceans Insects and crustaceans both belong to the Pancrustacea Territories in the Intertidal Zone Heavier than water Just below the water line… Yellow cheeks blenny Between Two Media Prolonged observation is easy and exciting Resting and Breeding in the Intertidal Zone Dive-hunting and keeping the plumage dry Excellent divers Sculptured lenses facilitate vision under and above water Snatch Your Prey The European herring gull Larus… Habitat: Sandy Ground Sand bottoms appear barren and monotonous The birth of a sand bottom The top layer of a sand bottom… Only those who can dig survive Where Does All the Sand Come From? Sand is created mainly by the erosion of solid rocks Animals can also grind solid stones The boring sponge Cliona growing on limestone… Sand from the continents When Threatened, Retreat Quickly into the Sand Preying on small animals Living in tubes Filtering with a sieve apparatus Predatory Snails Slow crawling predatory snails Spawn clump resulting from mating in masses Peculiar tracks Shell communities Echinoderms in the Sand The common heart urchin Echinocardium… The red comb star Astropecten aranciacus… The dorsal surface of comb stars… Brittle stars are the closest relatives… The Sea Cucumber Phenomenon Sea cucumbers wherever you look Defensive, even if they do not look like it Featured on humans’ menus despite venoms The food of sea cucumbers… Spawning pedestal Feeling the Prey The goatfish Mullus… The piper gurnard Trigla… Defence strategy Growling noise The sand steenbras Lithognathus… Camouflage in the Sand Too close for comfort! Sensory papillae detect pressure fluctuations Predatory and Non-Predatory Fish The mullet Mugil… Camouflage in daytime hiding place Hunting with electric shocks Fringes around the spiracles An electrifying encounter Buried Predators Luring and sucking in prey The dreaded weever Dangerous venomous spines First aid Habitat: Seagrass Seagrasses are descendants of terrestrial plants Conveyor belt Conditions for seagrass Sand self-suppliers Several Millennia Old Slow growth Metre-thick mat Carelessness with consequences Repeated destruction Nursery Aufwuchs organisms Anchored in the Sand The pen shell Pinna… The gilt-head bream Sparus… An edible fish that is also farmed On the Sand between the Seagrass Fast runners Mate guarding The black goby Gobius niger… Living in the Grass Long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Previously not classified as a fish Living in the seagrass Interlocking Habitats The giant doris Felimare picta… Scent trails leading to another habitat Different habitats are often close to each other Neighbouring habitats A flounder buried in the sand… Habitat: Muddy Grounds The majority of the ocean floor is muddy Barely any plants Sessile animals Sponge Islands Substrate for many other animal groups Brittle star on a pedestal Ten tentacles for plankton collection Mobile or with Poisonous Tentacles The feather star Antedon… Versatile arms The scallop Pecten… This bivalve can jump Seven hundred tentacles Hermit Crabs in the Mud The eye spot hermit crab Paguristes… Overgrown beyond recognition A useful broom Another example of a symbiosis A second hermit crab species living on deep muddy grounds Predators on and above Muddy Grounds A rare sight The grey triggerfish Balistes… The common pandora Pagellus… Eagle Ray An eagle ray Myliobatis… The venomous sting of sea rays… A Hard Floor Island in Muddy Ground Habitat: Open Water The largest habitat on our planet Plants of the open waters… Nutrient supply in deeper layers Tiny zooplankton Little biomass in open seas Planktonic Algae and Tiny Crustaceans Planktonic algae Planktonic crustaceans Enrichment of fats in the food chain Jellyfish Only a few millimetres in size Eyes or equilibrium organs and tentacles The biggest jellyfish in the Mediterranean… Harmless or Dangerous? Short mouth tentacles Doomed to die after stranding Dangerous stinging cells Polyp and Jellyfish Two lifeforms of true jellyfish Only for a few decades… No Stinging Cells but Still a Threat? Unlike true jellyfish… The cilia combs glow… Dangerous Beauty A large compass jellyfish Chrysaora… Ocean Sunfish Giant planktivore Why do these animals sometimes lie flat on the surface? “Small Fish” No anchovy and yet in huge swarms Loose swarms Daily habitat change of the masses The juvenile stage of Mediterranean damselfish… The picarel Spicara… Similar bodies shapes determined by their habitat Many open-water fishes have similar physical characteristics Saddled seabream Predatory Fish “Encounters out of the blue” Endangered Predators Very fast swimming open-sea fish… Sharp fall in population density Almost fifty shark species live in the Mediterranean Dolphins The most common whales in the Mediterranean Bottlenose dolphin and the common dolphin In pairs or small schools High energy needs Great Whites in the Mediterranean? Rare – and sometimes confused with other sharks Descended from Australia! Nursery in the Aegean Sea? The number of great white shark specimens… Shark attacks Humans and the Sea Anthropocene Even the deep sea is affected Giant trash vortex Fishing and Hunting of Marine Mammals Humans have been fishing since time immemorial A famous mosaic from Pompeii Soon on the verge of extinction The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus Saved at the last minute? Human Traces in the Sea All objects… Living in trash Due to changes to the shores… Endangered Species – Captive Breeding? Trophy hunt Seahorse populations in the Mediterranean… Captive breeding to save some fish species from extinction Index Additional Scources Acknowledgements

Get This Torrent

Glaeser G. Ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea. A Photographic Dive 2023.pdf 30.6 MB

Details for: Glaeser G. Ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea. A Photographic Dive 2023

glaeser g ecosystems mediterranean sea photographic dive 2023

Similar Posts: