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garlick g luminescent materials 1949

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Textbook in PDF format Luminescence is a general term which includes the many phenomena involving the absorption of energy by a substance and its re-emission as visible or near visible radiation. The term was first defined as such by Wiedemann in 1889. Luminescence is, however, to be distinguished from thermal radiation since the phenomenon does not follow Kirchhoff ’s law for absorption and emission. The energy transmitted to the material and giving rise to luminescence may be that of ultraviolet light, X-rays, cathode rays, or other corpuscular radiation or it may be due to chemical action. If luminescence is produced by absorption of electromagnetic radiation, then it is called photoluminescence. Other prefixes are usually selfexplanatory; for example, cathodoluminescence produced by electron bombardment, triboluminescence due to mechanical strain and fracture, chemiluminescence due to chemical reaction. In this book our main concern will be with photoluminescence and its associated phenomena. When luminescent materials are excited by radiation or cathode rays, emission occurs during the excitation and, in the case of some solids, for considerable periods after the excitation has ceased. The emission during excitation is generally referred to as fluorescence, while that which persists after excitation has ceased is known as phosphorescence or afterglow. The definition of these terms has been the subject of much controversy in the past. They are defined above in a simple manner which appears to be the most convenient for describing types of emission, both of which can arise from the same physical processes. No discussion of the merits of such definitions will be given here; some of the opinions on the matter have already been published

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