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lathi b green r linear systems signals 3ed 2017 fix

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Textbook in PDF format The book has been refined and streamlined to deliver unparalleled coverage and clarity. It emphasizes a physical appreciation of concepts through heuristic reasoning and the use of metaphors, analogies, and creative explanations. The text uses mathematics not only to prove axiomatic theory but also to enhance physical and intuitive understanding. Hundreds of fully worked examples provide a hands-on, practical grounding of concepts and theory. Its thorough content, practical approach, and structural adaptability make this book the ideal text for undergraduates. New to this Edition: Improved clarity: Refined discussions, expanded examples, and thoughtful topic adjustments Enhanced mastery: Hundreds of new end-of-chapter problems, worked examples, and drill exercises Currency with industry-standard tools: Fully updated MATLAB material and examples, carefully integrated throughout the text More accessible navigation and readability: Simplified labeling and organization of equations, examples, drills, and sections Preface Background Complex Numbers A Historical Note Algebra of Complex Numbers Sinusoids Addition of Sinusoids Sinusoids in Terms of Exponentials Sketching Signals Monotonic Exponentials The Exponentially Varying Sinusoid Cramer's Rule Partial Fraction Expansion Method of Clearing Fractions The Heaviside "Cover-Up" Method Repeated Factors of Q(x) A Combination of Heaviside "Cover-Up" and Clearing Fractions Improper F(x) with m = n Modified Partial Fractions Vectors and Matrices Some Definitions and Properties Matrix Algebra MATLAB: Elementary Operations MATLAB Overview Calculator Operations Vector Operations Simple Plotting Element-by-Element Operations Matrix Operations Partial Fraction Expansions Appendix: Useful Mathematical Formulas Some Useful Constants Complex Numbers Sums Taylor and Maclaurin Series Power Series Trigonometric Identities Common Derivative Formulas Indefinite Integrals L'Hopital's Rule Solution of Quadratic and Cubic Equations Signals and Systems Size of a Signal Signal Energy Signal Power Some Useful Signal Operations Time Shifting Time Scaling Time Reversal Combined Operations Classification of Signals Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals Analog and Digital Signals Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Energy and Power Signals Deterministic and Random Signals Some Useful Signal Models The Unit Step Function The Unit Impulse Function The Exponential Function Even and Odd Functions Some Properties of Even and Odd Functions Even and Odd Components of a Signal Systems Classification of Systems Linear and Nonlinear Systems Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Systems Instantaneous and Dynamic Systems Causal and Noncausal Systems Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Systems Analog and Digital Systems Invertible and Noninvertible Systems Stable and Unstable Systems System Model: Input-Output Description Electrical Systems Mechanical Systems Electromechanical Systems Internal and External Descriptions of a System Internal Description: The State-Space Description MATLAB: Working with Functions Anonymous Functions Relational Operators and the Unit Step Function Visualizing Operations on the Independent Variable Numerical Integration and Estimating Signal Energy Summary Time-Domain Analysis of Continuous-Time Systems Introduction System Response to Internal Conditions: The Zero-Input Response Some Insights into the Zero-Input Behavior of a System The Unit Impulse Response System Response to External Input: Zero-State Response The Convolution Integral Graphical Understanding of Convolution Operation Interconnected Systems A Very Special Function for LTIC Systems: The Everlasting Exponential Total Response System Stability External (BIBO) Stability Internal (Asymptotic) Stability Relationship Between BIBO and Asymptotic Stability Intuitive Insights into System Behavior Dependence of System Behavior on Characteristic Modes Response Time of a System: The System Time Constant Time Constant and Rise Time of a System Time Constant and Filtering Time Constant and Pulse Dispersion (Spreading) Time Constant and Rate of Information Transmission The Resonance Phenomenon MATLAB: M-Files Script M-Files Function M-Files For-Loops Graphical Understanding of Convolution Appendix: Determining the Impulse Response Summary Time-Domain Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems Introduction Size of a Discrete-Time Signal Useful Signal Operations Some Useful Discrete-Time Signal Models Discrete-Time Impulse Function Discrete-Time Unit Step Function Discrete-Time Exponential Discrete-Time Sinusoid cos Discrete-Time Complex Exponential Examples of Discrete-Time Systems Classification of Discrete-Time Systems Discrete-Time System Equations Recursive (Iterative) Solution of Difference Equation System Response to Internal Conditions: The Zero-Input Response The Unit Impulse Response h[n] The Closed-Form Solution of h[n] System Response to External Input: The Zero-State Response Graphical Procedure for the Convolution Sum Interconnected Systems Total Response System Stability External (BIBO) Stability Internal (Asymptotic) Stability Relationship Between BIBO and Asymptotic Stability Intuitive Insights into System Behavior MATLAB: Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Discrete-Time Functions and Stem Plots System Responses Through Filtering A Custom Filter Function Discrete-Time Convolution Appendix: Impulse Response for a Special Case Summary Continuous-Time System Analysis Using the Laplace Transform The Laplace Transform Finding the Inverse Transform Some Properties of the Laplace Transform Time Shifting Frequency Shifting The Time-Differentiation Property The Time-Integration Property The Scaling Property Time Convolution and Frequency Convolution Solution of Differential and Integro-Differential Equations Comments on Initial Conditions at - and at + Zero-State Response Stability Inverse Systems Analysis of Electrical Networks: The Transformed Network Analysis of Active Circuits Block Diagrams System Realization Direct Form I Realization Direct Form II Realization Cascade and Parallel Realizations Transposed Realization Using Operational Amplifiers for System Realization Application to Feedback and Controls Analysis of a Simple Control System Frequency Response of an LTIC System Steady-State Response to Causal Sinusoidal Inputs Bode Plots Constant Kaa/bb Pole (or Zero) at the Origin First-Order Pole (or Zero) Second-Order Pole (or Zero) The Transfer Function from the Frequency Response Filter Design by Placement of Poles and Zeros of H(s) Dependence of Frequency Response on Poles and Zeros of H(s) Lowpass Filters Bandpass Filters Notch (Bandstop) Filters Practical Filters and Their Specifications The Bilateral Laplace Transform Properties of Bilateral Laplace Transform Using the Bilateral Transform for Linear System Analysis MATLAB: Continuous-Time Filters Frequency Response and Polynomial Evaluation Butterworth Filters and the Find Command Using Cascaded Second-Order Sections for Butterworth Filter Realization Chebyshev Filters Summary Discrete-Time System Analysis Using the z-Transfor The z-Transform Inverse Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion and Tables Inverse z-Transform by Power Series Expansion Some Properties of the z-Transform Time-Shifting Properties z-Domain Scaling Property (Multiplication by yn) z-Domain Differentiation Property (Multiplication by n) Time-Reversal Property Convolution Property z-Transform Solution of Linear Difference Equations Zero-State Response of LTID Systems: The Transfer Function Stability Inverse Systems System Realization Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Systems The Periodic Nature of Frequency Response Aliasing and Sampling Rate Frequency Response from Pole-Zero Locations Digital Processing of Analog Signals The Bilateral z-Transform Properties of the Bilateral z-Transform Using the Bilateral z-Transform for Analysis of LTID Systems Connecting the Laplace and z-Transforms MATLAB: Discrete-Time IIR Filters Frequency Response and Pole-Zero Plots Transformation Basics Transformation by First-Order Backward Difference Bilinear Transformation Bilinear Transformation with Prewarping Example: Butterworth Filter Transformation Problems Finding Polynomial Roots Using Cascaded Second-Order Sections to Improve Design Summary Continuous-Time Signal Analysis: The Fourier Series Periodic Signal Representation by Trigonometric Fourier Series The Fourier Spectrum The Effect of Symmetry Determining the Fundamental Frequency and Period Existence and Convergence of the Fourier Series Convergence of a Series The Role of Amplitude and Phase Spectra in Waveshaping Exponential Fourier Series Exponential Fourier Spectra Parseval's Theorem Properties of the Fourier Series LTIC System Response to Periodic Inputs Generalized Fourier Series: Signals as Vectors Component of a Vector Signal Comparison and Component of a Signal Extension to Complex Signals Signal Representation by an Orthogonal Signal Set Numerical Computation of Dn MATLAB: Fourier Series Applications Periodic Functions and the Gibbs Phenomenon Optimization and Phase Spectra Summary Continuous-Time Signal Analysis: The Fourier Transform Aperiodic Signal Representation by the Fourier Integral Physical Appreciation of the Fourier Transform Transforms of Some Useful Functions Connection Between the Fourier and Laplace Transforms Some Properties of the Fourier Transform Signal Transmission Through LTIC Systems Signal Distortion During Transmission Bandpass Systems and Group Delay Ideal and Practical Filters Signal Energy Application to Communications: Amplitude Modulation Double-Sideband, Suppressed-Carrier (DSB-SC) Modulation Amplitude Modulation (AM) Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB) Frequency-Division Multiplexing Data Truncation: Window Functions Using Windows in Filter Design MATLAB: Fourier Transform Topics The Sinc Function and the Scaling Property Parseval's Theorem and Essential Bandwidth Spectral Sampling Kaiser Window Functions Summary Sampling: The Bridge from Continuous to Discrete The Sampling Theorem Practical Sampling Signal Reconstruction Practical Difficulties in Signal Reconstruction Some Applications of the Sampling Theorem Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion Dual of Time Sampling: Spectral Sampling Numerical Computation of the Fourier Transform: The Discrete Fourier Transform Some Properties of the DFT Some Applications of the DFT The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) MATLAB: The Discrete Fourier Transform Computing the Discrete Fourier Transform Improving the Picture with Zero Padding Quantization Summary Fourier Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals Discrete-Time Fourier Series (DTFS) Periodic Signal Representation by Discrete-Time Fourier Series Fourier Spectra of a Periodic Signal x[n] Aperiodic Signal Representation by Fourier Integral Nature of Fourier Spectra Connection Between the DTFT and the z-Transform Properties of the DTFT LTI Discrete-Time System Analysis by DTFT Distortionless Transmission Ideal and Practical Filters DTFT Connection with the CTFT Use of DFT and FFT for Numerical Computation of DTFT Generalization of the DTFT to the z-transform MATLAB: Working with the DTFS and the DTFT Computing the Discrete-Time Fourier Series Measuring Code Performance FIR Filter Design by Frequency Sampling Summary State-Space Analysis Mathematical Preliminaries Derivatives and Integrals of a Matrix The Characteristic Equation of a Matrix: The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem Computation of an Exponential and a Power of a Matrix Introduction to State Space A Systematic Procedure to Determine State Equations Electrical Circuits State Equations from a Transfer Function Solution of State Equations Laplace Transform Solution of State Equations Time-Domain Solution of State Equations Linear Transformation of State Vector Diagonalization of Matrix A Controllability and Observability Inadequacy of the Transfer Function Description of a System State-Space Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems Solution in State-Space The z-Transform Solution MATLAB: Toolboxes and State-Space Analysis z-Transform Solutions to Discrete-Time State-Space Systems Transfer Functions from State-Space Representations Controllability and Observability of Discrete-Time Systems Matrix Exponentiation and the Matrix Exponential Summary

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lathi b green r linear systems signals 3ed 2017 fix

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