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buszewski b baranowska i handbook bioanalytics 2022

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Textbook in PDF format This book presents an authoritative review of analytical methods used for diagnostics, medical therapy and for forensic purposes. Divided into 4 parts, the book discusses new challenges in bioanalytics, covers bioanalysis as a source of clinical, pharmaceutical and forensic information, explores natural resources as a source of biologically active compounds, and offers new analytical strategies and equipment solutions. Written by interdisciplinary expert academics, this work will appeal to a wide readership of students, researchers and professionals interested in the fields of medicine, chemistry, pharmaceutical, life and health sciences, engineering and environmental protection. Clinicians and employees of forensic laboratories will also find this work instructive and informative. About the Editors About the Section Editors Contributors Bioanalysis as a Source of Information for Diagnosis, Medical Therapy, and Forensic Purposes Bioanalytics in In Vitro and In Vivo Transformation of Biologically Active Compounds for the Needs of Biomedical Diagnostics Introduction Metabolism of Biologically Active Compounds Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Analytical Methods in the Determination and Identification of Drugs in Biological Samples Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography in Drug Analysis Application of Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry in the ``-omics´´ Sciences In Vitro Biological Systems for Drug Metabolism Studies Conclusions References Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disorders´ Research Introduction Biological Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis Top-Down Approach: Analysis of Intact Proteins Bottom-Up Approach: Analysis of Enzymatically Cleaved Proteins Sample Preparation: Extraction of Proteins In-Gel Protein Digestion: Qualitative Proteomic Analysis and Identification of Posttranslational Modifications Shotgun Proteomic Analysis: Relative and Absolute Protein Quantitation Relative Protein Quantification Absolute Protein Quantification Application of Proteomic Analysis in Study of Neurodegenerative Disorders Analysis of Brain Tissues Obtained Postmortem: Proteins´ Signature and Altered Biochemical Pathways Searching for Protein Biomarkers Posttranslational Modifications in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Conclusion References Medical Bioanalytics: Separation Techniques in Medical Diagnostics of Neurological Diseases and Disorders on Selected Exampl... Introduction Potential of Medical Bioanalytics Classification of Bioanalytical Techniques Separation Techniques in Medical Diagnostics of Neurological Diseases and Disorders on Selected Examples Conclusions References Analysis of Endogenous Metabolites in Human Matrices Introduction Blood Urine Tissues Saliva Exhaled Breath Unconventional Biological Matrices in Bioanalytical Research Conclusions References Analytics of Antisense Oligonucleotides Introduction Antisense Oligonucleotides Preparation of Antisense Oligonucleotide Samples for Chromatographic Analyses Protein Precipitation Enzymatic Digestion Liquid-Liquid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Hybridization Chromatographic Analysis of Antisense Oligonucleotides IP RP HPLC IEC HILIC SEC Determination of Antisense Oligonucleotides Conclusions References Analytical Approaches to Assessment of Phospholipid Metabolism in Physiology and Pathology Introduction Assessment of the Lipidome in the Physiology or Pathophysiology of the Cell and Organism Phospholipid Metabolism Preparation of Biological Material for the Analysis of Phospholipids and Their Metabolites Analytical Approach to the Assessment of Phospholipid Profiles: Classical and Large-Scale Analysis Analysis of Fatty Acids (Phospholipid and Free) Assessment of the Phospholipid Peroxidation Process Evaluation of Enzymatic Phospholipid Metabolism Endocannabinoids Eicosanoids Conclusion References Analytical Strategies and Applications in Lipidomics Introduction Lipidomics Lipids: Chemical Structure Final Determination Techniques Used in Lipidomics Determination of Lipids in Biological Material Using the Technique of Direct Introduction of the Lipid Extract into the Ioniza... High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Sample Preparation Techniques in Lipidomics Analytical Strategies in Lipidomics Based on Mass Spectrometry Untargeted Lipidomics: Data Analysis Preliminary Data Processing Statistical and Chemometric Analysis and Relative Quantification of Metabolomics and Untargeted Lipidomics Lipidomics: Applications Lipidomics of Staphylococcus aureus Lipidomics of Human Milk Conclusions References Lipidomics in Morbid Obesity Introduction Morbid Obesity: A Civilization Problem Lipids: Bioactive Compounds of Interest Analytical Strategies for Fatty Acid Analysis in Biological Samples Alterations of Fatty Acid Profile in Adipose Tissue and Serum of Patients with Morbid Obesity Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity Disturbances of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity The Role of Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Profiles Disturbance in Obesity Unusual Fatty Acids and Their Role in Obesity Cyclic Fatty Acids Branched-Chain and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Fatty Acids and Metabolic Diseases Conclusions References Analysis of Basic Psychotropic Drugs in Biological Fluids and Tissues by RP-HPLC Method Introduction Sample Preparation Centrifugation Protein Precipitation (PP) Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Solid-Liquid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Microextraction Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) RP-HPLC Mobile Phases Containing Water and Organic Modifier Mobile Phases Containing Additive of Salt Mobile Phases with Acidic pH Mobile Phases with Basic pH Mobile Phases with Addition of Silanol Blockers Stationary Phases Separation of Enantiomers of Psychotropic Drugs Conclusions References Detection of Psychoactive Substances Used in Doping: Screening and Confirmation Procedures Introduction S6. Stimulants S7. Narcotics S8. Cannabinoids Initial Testing Procedures (ITP) Non-threshold Substances Threshold Substances Confirmation Procedures (CPs) Non-threshold Substances: Qualitative Confirmation Procedures Threshold Substances: Quantitative Confirmation Procedures Detection of Psychoactive Substances Initial Testing Procedures (ITPs) for Psychoactive Substances Confirmation Procedures (CPs) for Psychoactive Substances Phenylethylamine Derivatives: Modifications Cocaine: Interpretation and Time Morphine and Other Opioids: Complexity of Metabolism Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Synthetic Cannabinoids A Brief Discussion of Ephedrines: Biotransformation Conclusion References Application of Separation Techniques in Analytics of Biologically Relevant Sulfur Compounds Introduction Role in the Body Low-Molecular-Mass Thiols Homocysteine Thiolactone and Its Metabolites Albumin and Coenzyme A Thiosulfates, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Its Transformation Products Problems Accompanying the Determination of Sulfur Compounds Body Fluids as the Most Frequently Analyzed Biological Material Sampling and Storage Preparation of the Sample for Analysis Homogenization Disulfides Reduction Derivatization Proteins Removal Separation Techniques in the Determination of Selected Sulfur-Containing Compounds Liquid Chromatography Capillary Electrophoresis Gas Chromatography Conclusions References Application of Planar Chromatography in Pharmaceutical, Clinical, and Toxicological Analysis Introduction Planar Chromatography in Toxicological Analysis Enantiomer Purity Studies Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Hospital Practice Conclusions References Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Biological Matrices Introduction Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Bacteria Hydrocarbons Ketones Aldehydes Esters Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Sulfur Compounds Acids Alcohols, Phenols, and Aromatic Compounds Inorganic Compounds Tests for Detection of Bacteria VOCs as a Potential Markers of Diseases Stool Samples Urine Samples Infected Tissues Saliva as a Diagnostic Matrix for VOC Investigations Potential Biomarkers in Saliva Exhaled Air Conclusions References Human Milk and Xenobiotics Introduction Breast Milk Sample Preparation Method of Environmental Contaminants Organic Contaminants Heavy Metals Pharmaceuticals Mycotoxins Identification of Xenobiotics in Human Milk Summary References Recent Advances in the Forensic Dating of Blood Traces: A Minireview Introduction Physicochemical Processes Accompanying the Aging of Bloodstains Spectroscopic Techniques of Bloodstain Dating Color Analysis and UV-Vis Spectroscopy Techniques Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Vibrational Spectroscopy Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) Raman Spectroscopy Redefining the Problem of Time: An Approach of Modified Relative Dating External Factors Influencing Degradation Process of Bloodstains Substituting a Case-Suited Comparison Approach for the Conventional Dating of Blood Traces Conclusions References Analysis of Biological Samples Using Vibrational Spectroscopy Methods Introduction Raman Microspectroscopy in the Study of Cells and Tissues of a Living Organism Raman Microspectroscopy in the Study of Human Cells Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis in the Study of Human Cells The Analysis of Pathological Erythrocytes in Parasitic and Bacterial Infections Raman Microspectroscopy in the Study of Healthy Brain Tissue Raman Microspectroscopy Studies of Epileptic Brain Tissue Analysis of Writing Paper for Forensic Purposes Aging of Paper Spectrometric Methods of Analyzing Paper Differentiation of Paper Samples on the Basis of Their State of Preservation: Model Experiments Subject of the Examinations Methods of Spectrum Interpretation Results Summary References Elemental Hair Analysis: An Overview of Preparation Procedures and Applications Introduction Hair Structure The Hair Cycle Elemental Hair Analysis as an Alternative to Blood and Urine Testing Preparation of Hair Samples Before the Elemental Analysis Step Various Aspects of Human Hair Application Conclusion References Bioimaging of Elements in Clinical Tissues: Oral Mucosa, Arterial Walls, and Teeth, by LA-ICPMS Introduction Technical Aspects of the Analysis of Clinical Samples Calibration in the LA-ICPMS Bioimaging of Elements in Clinical Samples Examination of the Oral Mucosa After Direct Contact with Dental Implants Examination of Blood Vessels of Patients with Atherosclerosis Examination of the Migration of Elements from Dental Fillings to the Hard Tissues of Teeth Conclusions References Determination of Metabolites of Selected Thermally Treated Food-derived Mutagens and Carcinogens in Biological Material Introduction Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines (HAAs) Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Activity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines Human Exposure to HAAs Determination of HAAs, Their Metabolites, and Adducts in Body Fluids and Tissues HAAs and Their Metabolites in Urine HAAs Adducts with Blood Proteins Determination of DNA Adducts of HAAs in Tissues DNA Adducts in Saliva Hair as an Optimal Biological Material for the Evaluation of the Exposure to HAAs Instrumental Methods Used for HAAs, Their Metabolites, and Adducts Determination Acrylamide (AAM) Biological Activity of Acrylamide Determination of AAM and Its Metabolites in Biological Material Acrylamide and Its Metabolites in Urine AAM and GA Adducts with Hemoglobin Acrylamide in Tissues Methods of Determination of AAM, Its Metabolites and Adducts, and Their Isolation from Biological Material Conclusions References Part II: Natural Raw Materials as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Selected Medicinal Plants as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Introduction Plants as Raw Material Primary and Secondary Plant Metabolites Characteristics of Essential Oils and Obtaining Methods Polyphenols: Sources and Properties Plant Alkaloids Saponins as the Biologically Active Compounds More Important Methodology for the Isolation and Determination of Active Substances in Plant Raw Materials Conclusions References Metabolomic Analyses of Natural Medicinal Products Introduction Analytical Methods Used in the Analysis of Biologically Active Compounds of Natural Origin Natural Materials with Potential Healing Properties Aloe vera Cannabis sativa Lucilia sericata Chorthippus spp. Cod Liver Oil Manuka Honey Conclusions References Chiral Flavonoids: Methods of Enantioseparation and Extraction of Polyphenol Mixtures Introduction Flavonoids: Structure and Classification Flavonoid Enantiomers: In Bioanalytics Analytics of Chiral Flavonoids Analytics of Non-chiral Flavonoids Separation of Polyphenols from Plant Material Purification of Plant Extracts Determination of Polyphenols in Plant Extracts Conclusions References Determination of Plant Phenolic Compounds in Biological Samples Introduction Characteristics of Plant Phenolic Compounds Antioxidant Activity Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility Analytical Methods Used for the Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Biological Samples Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Plant Phenolic Compounds Conclusions References Thin Layer Chromatography in Phytochemical Analysis Introduction Characteristics of Thin-Layer Chromatography One-Dimensional Techniques Micro-Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography Other Planar Techniques OPLC in Plant Extract Analysis RPC (Circular TLC) in Plant Analysis Chromatographic ``Fingerprints´´ of Plant Materials by TLC Method Image Processing Techniques in the TLC Analysis of Plant Extracts Investigation of Antioxidant Properties by Thin-Layer Chromatography Detection of Selected Enzyme Inhibitors Detection of Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinoesterase Inhibitors Detection of α- and β-Glucosidase Inhibitors Detection of the Other Enzymes Detection of Compounds with Antibacterial Aactivity Bioautographic Methods Bacteria Strains Used in Bioautographic Detection Documentation of Bioautograms and Analysis of Data Analytical Application of Bioautograohic Methods Conclusions References Mechanisms of Plant Defense and Trade-Offs Between Them: Bioanalytics in Chemistry and Biology Introduction Mechanisms of Plant Defense Mechanical and Chemical Means of Protection Plant Secondary Metabolites and Importance of Their Chemical Analysis Case Study: Chemical Defense of Wild and Domesticated Tomato Species (Solanaceae) Conclusion References Metal-Based Nanomaterials in Biological Matrices Introduction Metal Nanomaterials and Their Presence in Biological Matrices Metal Nanomaterials in Plant Tissues Theranostic Nanomaterials Imaging of Metal-Based Nanomaterial in Plant Tissues and Physiological Materials Microscopic Techniques Spectroscopic/Spectrometric Techniques Characterization of Metal-Based Nanomaterials and Their Species in Plant Tissues and Physiological Materials Spectrometric/Spectroscopic Techniques (ICP-MS, ICP-OES, SP-ICP-MS, XANES, DLS) The Hyphenated Techniques (CE-/HPLC-/HDC-/FFF-ICP-MS/OES) Conclusions References Bioanalytics as a Tool Supporting the Functional Food Development Introduction Development of Functional Food The Use of Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biologically Active Compounds Identification of Low-Molecular-Weight Selenium Compounds Methodology for Identifying Unknown Compounds Identification of Selenium-Containing Proteins Conclusion References Chemical Composition of Insect Surface Waxes: Biological Functions and Analytics Introduction Biological Functions of Insect Surface Waxes Protection Against Water Loss Chemical Communication: Pheromones Defense Against Entomopathogenic Microorganisms Analysis of Surface Waxes Extraction of Surface Waxes Separation of Waxes into Individual Groups Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Conclusions References New Methodological and Apparatus Solutions in Bioanalytical Quality by Design in Bioanalytics Introduction Quality Control Quality Management Quality by Design (QbD) QbD Concept Design of Experiments (DoE) Quality Planning in Laboratory Practice Some Examples from Laboratory Practice Conclusions References Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Biomedical Analysis Introduction Materials Used for the Fabrication of Microsystems Silicon Glass Polymers Paper Selected Technologies Used for the Fabrication of Microsystems Photolithography Replication Methods Mechanical Methods Structural Elements of Microsystems Micro-Pumps Micro-Valves Micromixers Micro-Droplet Generators Detectors Examples of Microsystems Applications Nucleic Acid Analysis ELISA Cell Culture, Cell Interaction, and Migration Studies Disease-, Organ-, Body-on-a-Chip System Point-of-Care (POC) Microsystems Conclusions References Miniaturization in Separation Techniques Introduction Equipment Issues Monolithic Columns Polymer Monoliths Silica Monoliths Hybrid Monoliths Monolithic Beds in Sample Preparation Summary References Introduction to Biosensors Introduction Principles of (Bio)Sensors Operation Biological Receptors Enzymes Nucleic Acids Antibodies Other Biological Recognition Materials Immobilizing Composites Use of Carbon Nanostructures Use of Conducting Polymers Use of Metal Nanoparticles and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles Other Materials Enriching Biosensor Matrices Detection Techniques Optical Detection Electrochemical Detection Other Detection Techniques Conclusions References Voltammetric Biosensors in Bioanalysis Introduction Definition of Biosensor and Its Construction The Mechanisms of Analytical Signal Generations Sensors Based on Freely Diffusing Redox Markers Genosensors The Sensor Destined for the Determination of Sulfate Anions Immunosensors Genosensors with ssDNA Probe Functionalized with Redox-Active Marker (E-DNA) Sensors Based on Redox-Active Monolayers Development Prospects and Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors Summary References Application of Solid Carbon Electrodes in Voltammetric (Bio)analysis of Selected Cytostatic Drugs Introduction Anticancer Drugs and Their Classification Alkylating Agents and Alkylating-Like Agents Antimetabolic Agents Antitumor Antibiotics Topoisomerase Inhibitors Mitotic Inhibitors Protein Kinase Inhibitors Analytical Techniques Used for the Determination of Anticancer Drugs Carbon-Based Working Electrodes Used in the Voltammetric Analysis of Anticancer Drugs Graphite Electrodes Carbon Paste Electrodes Glassy Carbon Electrodes Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes Screen-Printed Electrodes Tested Biological Materials Urine Blood (Plasma, Serum) Voltammetric Methods in the Determination of Selected Anticancer Drugs Using Carbon-Based Electrodes Conclusions References Laser Ablation Microsampling with ICP-MS Detection for Multielemental Bioimaging of Clinical Samples Introduction The Aim of the Studies on Elemental Distribution Visualization Endogenous Element Distribution Iatrogenic Element Distribution The LA-ICP-MS as an Analytical Tool Preparation of Clinical Samples Prior to LA-ICP-MS Measurements Calibration Conclusion References Spectroscopic Techniques in Research of Biocolloids Introduction Proteins Biocolloids Double Electric Layer Zeta Potential Dispersion Stability Electrokinetic Theories Metal-Protein Interactions Consequences of Metal-Protein Interactions Metalloproteins Metallocomplexes Nanoparticles The Nature of the Biosorption of Low Molecular Weight Compounds and Metal Ions by Microorganisms Future Perspectives References Modern Approaches for Microorganisms´ Identification Introduction Identification of Microorganisms Microscopic Techniques Culture Characteristics of the Bacteria Examination of the Biochemical Profiles of Bacteria Intraspecies Typing of Bacteria Automated, Semiautomated, and Miniaturized Microbial Identification Systems Chromatographic Methods in Microorganisms´ Identification Molecular Methods for Genotyping Biological Microarrays in Microbiology Spectrometric Techniques Biocolloids Electromigration Techniques in Microbiology Development Prospects Summary References Capillary Electrophoresis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Context of Selected Bioanalytical Applications ... Introduction The Basics of the RGB Model Method Color Method Brilliance Determination of the CS Value for Primary Colors Evaluation Algorithm (Excel Spreadsheet) Comparison of Selected Methods Using HPLC and CE General Information Determination of Anti-HIV Drugs in the Urine of AIDS Patients Determination of Cotinine as a Marker of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Discussion Comparison of HPLC and CE The Potential of the RGB Model as an Evaluation Tool Conclusions References Analytical Methods in Biomonitoring Analytical Challenges in the Ecotoxicology of Emerging Environmental Pollutants Introduction Pharmaceuticals Biomonitoring of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Analytical Challenges Ionic Liquids Ionic Liquids and the Environment Analytical Challenges Microplastics Microplastics and the Environment Analytical Challenges Conclusions References Non-targeted Analysis as a Tool for Searching Transformation Products Introduction Comparison of Targeted and Non-targeted Analysis: Advantages, Limitations, and Potential Applications New Analytical Techniques for the Needs of Non-targeted Analysis Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry in NTA Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry in NTA Interpretation of the Obtained Data Strategies for Non-targeted Analysis for Detecting Unknown Compounds in Environmental Samples Conclusions References Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Water Environment: Analytics and Impact on Living Organisms Introduction Legal Regulations Sources and Pathways of EDCs Migration in the Environment Chemical Analysis Methods Analytical Problems of EDCs Determination in Environmental Samples Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Municipal Wastewaters The Occurrence of EDCs in Municipal Wastewaters The Fate of EDCs in Wastewater Treatment Plants Increasing the Efficiency of EDC Removal Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Landfill Leachates and Groundwater The Occurrence of EDCs in Landfill Leachates and Groundwater Impact on Living Organisms Environmental Risk Assessment Reference Analytical Methods Used in Biotransformation Studies of Organophosphonates Introduction The Origin of Organophosphonic Xenobiotics Present in Ecosystems Transformations of Phosphonic Derivatives in the Environment Adverse Effects of Phosphonates in the Environment Analytical Methods Useful for the Determination of Phosphonate Compounds Conclusions References Selected Microextraction Techniques Using Ionic Liquids in the Study of Biologically Active Compounds Introduction Ionic Liquids: New-Generation Solvents Microextraction Techniques Using IL to Isolate and Enrich Analytes from Biologically Active Samples Single-Drop Microextraction Using an Ionic Liquid Microextraction Through the Membrane into the Liquid Phase Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with the Use of Ionic Liquids In Situ Dispersion Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with the Use of Ionic Liquids Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with the Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with the Use of Magnetic Ionic Liquids Conclusions References Analysis of Cosmetic Products in Biological Matrices Introduction Noninvasive Sampling Techniques to Determine the Exposure Biomarkers In Vivo Bioanalysis of Skin Tolerance to Cosmetics (Dermatological Tests) Cosmetic Activity Tests Investigation of Endogenous Compounds in Skin Tissue Fragments Exogenous Active Compounds Types of Transepidermal Transport Factors Influencing the Active Ingredient Transport Investigation of Active Ingredients In Vitro Tests DESI-MSI: Innovative Approach to Study Permeability of Active Ingredients Through the Skin Lipidomic Evaluation Screening of Lipid Composition in Skin Sebum, Sweat, Hair Sebum, and Hair Eicosanoids/Inflammatory Markers in Surface Biopsies/Lipids Composition of Phospholipids/Ceramides in Biopsies/Surface Skin Layers/Cells Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Qualitative Analysis of Odor Molecules in Biological Samples for Assessment of the Effectiveness of Antiperspirants, Deodorant... Effectiveness of Antiperspirants Gravimetric Methods Water Evaporation Method Electrodermal Methods Water Staining Methods Dyes for Injection Effectiveness of Deodorants Sweat Collection Volatile Compounds Collection and Analysis Summary References Biomonitoring of Human Exposure to Fluorine Introduction Sources of Fluorine for Humans Inorganic Fluorides Organofluorine Compounds Biological Effects of Fluoride Ions and Organofluorine Compounds Biomarkers of Fluorine Blood Urine Human Milk Nails Hair Bones Conclusions References Biosorption: An Efficient Tool for the Separation, Preconcentration, and Speciation Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological ... Introduction Principles of Biosorption Process Evaluation of Biosorption Performance Factors Affecting the Biosorption Process Application of Microorganisms in Chemical Analysis Conclusions References Mercury in Living Organisms: Sources and Forms of Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Determination Methods Introduction Properties of Mercury Sources of Mercury in Aquatic Organisms Forms of Mercury in Organisms Bioaccumulation of Mercury in the Trophic Chain Concentration Levels of Mercury and Its Compounds Analytical Methods Used in the Determination of Mercury and Its Compounds Conclusions References Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Useful Sorbents for Bioanalysis Introduction Molecular Imprinting Technique Types of Imprinting Components of the Polymerization Mixture Determining the Formation of a Three-Dimensional Polymer Network Polymerization Reaction Methods Bulk Polymerization Precipitation Polymerization Suspension Polymerization Modification of the Surface Layer Extraction Techniques Using Sorbents Based on Molecularly Imprinted Materials Solid-Phase Extraction Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Solid-Phase Microextraction Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Microextraction by Packed Sorbent Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Extraction with a Moving Sorption Element Modified with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Other Extraction Techniques Advantages and Limitations of the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in the Preparation of Samples in Bioanalysis Summary References Neutron Activation Analysis: Application in Bioanalytical Sciences Introduction Neutron Activation Analysis Conclusions References Index

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buszewski b baranowska i handbook bioanalytics 2022