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fernandes t engineering strategies regenerative medicine 2019

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Textbook in PDF format Engineering Strategies for Regenerative Medicine considers how engineering strategies can be applied to accelerate advances in regenerative medicine. The book provides relevant and up-to-date content on key topics, including the interdisciplinary integration of different aspects of stem cell biology and technology, diverse technologies, and their applications. By providing massive amounts of data on each individual, recent scientific advances are rapidly accelerating medicine. Cellular, molecular and genetic parameters from biological samples combined with clinical information can now provide valuable data to scientists, clinicians and ultimately patients, leading to the development of precision medicine. Equally noteworthy are the contributions of stem cell biology, bioengineering and tissue engineering that unravel the mechanisms of disease, regeneration and development. Contributors Engineering strategies for regenerative medicine References Pluripotent stem cell biology and engineering Stem cells Pluripotent stem cells Embryonic stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells Applications of hPSCs Stem cell systems The cell: The functional unit of the system From the microenvironment to tissues and organs: Inputs of the system Biochemical signals Biophysical signals The multiorgan system Stem cell engineering Engineering at the single-cell level Reverse engineering using omics technologies Forward engineering using synthetic biology Engineering at the tissue level Engineering biophysical signals Delivery of biochemical signals Organ-on-a-chip Engineering at the multiorgan level Body-on-a-chip Concluding remarks References Process development and manufacturing approaches for mesenchymal stem cell therapies Introduction Isolation Monolayer expansion Bioreactor-based hMSC expansion Stirred-tank bioreactors Rocking motion bioreactors Rotating-bed bioreactor Hollow fiber bioreactor Fixed- or packed-bed bioreactor Vertical-wheel bioreactor Bioprocess monitoring and control: parameters for optimization Temperature and pH Oxygen supply and aeration strategy Medium formulation and supplements Harvesting Manufacturing paradigms: Autologous and allogeneic Extracellular vesicle production using hMSCs Therapeutic product formulation Approved hMSC-based products Conclusion References Further reading Bioinspired materials and tissue engineering approaches applied to the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues Musculoskeletal tissues Physiology and function Bone Cartilage Tendon Response to injury and healing mechanisms Cartilage regeneration Scaffold/hydrogel-based approaches Cell-based approaches using mesenchymal stem cells Cell-free therapies Strategies for bone regeneration Bioinspired materials for bone tissue engineering Injectable bone substitutes Scaffold-based approaches Tendon regeneration Biomaterial processing technologies to meet tendon function and properties Fiber-based technologies 3D bioprinting technologies Current applications and clinical potential Future perspectives and concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Bioengineering strategies for gene delivery Introduction Current prospects of gene therapies Vector design Viral gene therapy Retroviral and lentivectors Adenovectors Adeno-associated vectors Nonviral gene therapy Delivery strategies Synthetic materials Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(lactic- co -glycolic) acid Naturally occurring materials Alginate Fibrin Collagen and gelatin Gene delivery via biomaterial strategies Revascularization Lentivectors Adenovectors and adeno-associated vectors Nonviral vectors Neurodegenerative disease Lentivectors Nonviral Current therapeutic outlook References Advanced microtechnologies for high-throughput screening Introduction Microfabrication techniques and design considerations Photolithography versus soft lithography Replica molding Microcontact printing Robotic printing Microscale technologies for HTS Cell-based microarray platforms Micropillar/microwell system for HTS assays Microfluidic HTS platforms for probing in vivo microenvironments Microfluidic HTS platforms for probing cytotoxic effects Future opportunities Acknowledgments References Inductive factors for generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes Introduction Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in cardiac regenerative medicine Heart development Cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells Cell-extrinsic factors Cells Growth factors/cytokines TGF- β superfamily Wnt/ β -catenin ligands/inhibitors Fibro blast growth factors Vascular endothelial growth factor Other growth factors, cytokines, and hormones Small molecules Wnt signaling activators Wnt signaling inhibitors BMP signaling inhibitors TGF- β /activin/nodal inhibitors Retinoic acid Icariin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor NO donor Cyclosporin A Vitamins Lipids Other small molecules Physical cues Extracellular matrix Substrate elasticity Electrical stimulation Substrate topology Stress Other physical cues Cell-intrinsic factors Genes Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 Mesoderm posterior BHLH transcription factor 1 GATA4 Na + /H + exchanger isoform 1 Inducible nitric oxide synthase Prodynorphin and fibronectin type 3 domain-containing 5 protein Islet1 MicroRNAs Short hairpin RNAs Epigenetic modulators Conclusion Acknowledgments References Pluripotent cells for the assessment of chemically induced teratogenesis and developmental toxicology Background Pluripotent stem cells Embryonic stem cell test Embryoid body systems In vitro endpoints Morphological endpoints Cellular differentiation endpoints “Omics” endpoints Signaling and developmental pathway endpoints Physiological and metabolic endpoints Conclusions and future directions References Conclusions and closing remarks References Index

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fernandes t engineering strategies regenerative medicine 2019

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