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lamprecht j development tray packed column 2017

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Textbook in PDF format Phase contacting column internals are manufactured through a series of punching, die moulding and bending. Although cost-effective on a large scale, this process is considered unfavourable for prototyping, as it is both time-consuming and expensive. This limits designer creativity and introduces extended waiting periods between the design, fabrication and evaluation phases. This translates into development timelines in excess of two years. During the evaluation stage, efficiencies are conventionally measured using hydrocarbons system at total reflux. This introduces notable constraints on the prototype packing and tray material, due to the high temperatures and pressures required for these tests. Therefore, this research project focused on the development and experimental validation of two simplistic and cost effective methods that can be used to quantify column internal efficiency. The ADIBAA (aqueous desorption of isobutyl acetate in air) and HA (Humidification of air) methods are hereby proposed for efficiency measurements in packed and tray columns respectively. For validation of both methods, two separate pilot plant facilities were designed and constructed, one at Stellenbosch University and one at an industrial research laboratory. The ADIBAA-method involved using a liquid phase limiting system to isolate the performance parameters in the liquid phase. The combination of the method and experimental setup offered rapid quantification, while remaining cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The ADIBBA-method was experimentally validated in a 400mm diameter stainless steel packed column, with a bed height of 1.1 metre. Such validation entailed (a) experimental measurement of isobutyl acetate concentrations, (b) calculation of volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficients and (c) comparison of these calculated coefficients with predictions by four independent correlations from literature. Agreement between the literature correlations and the newly-determined experimental data was found to be within 10%. The applicability of the ADIBAA-method, in evaluating column internal efficiencies, was confirmed through comparison of 1.5’ FlexiRings and the equivalent Intalox Ultra™. A quantifiable improvement of 15% was recorded in the preloading regime, in favour of the Intalox Ultra™. Further justification of the ADIBAA-method was presented in the evaluation of 2.5’ Intalox Ultra™ packing. The HA-method, proposed to use for tray columns, focused on the evaluation of Murphree tray efficiencies. This method offered large improvements over the constant reflux method in terms of environmental and safety considerations, while also reducing the experimental time by an order of magnitude. A rectangular tray column with respective weir and flow path lengths of 762mm and 870mm was used in the experimental evaluation. The HA-method was found to adequately quantify hydrodynamic variations in both weeping and vapour bypass. The comparative ability of the method was experimentally verified by relating a 12% open area sieve tray with two separate prototypes. The method enabled rapid evaluation and quantitatively illustrated difference in efficiencies between the prototypes. From this research, it follows that the ADIBAA- and HA- methods can indeed be used as cost-effective, simple and time-efficient methods to evaluate prospective designs of random packing and trays

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lamprecht j development tray packed column 2017