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Details for:
Ashby W. An Introduction to Cybernetics 2015
ashby w introduction cybernetics 2015
Type:
E-books
Files:
1
Size:
9.4 MB
Uploaded On:
Aug. 23, 2022, 10:46 a.m.
Added By:
andryold1
Seeders:
1
Leechers:
0
Info Hash:
5ADF7CBAB7F99279B197D2D4950C72CD44670A28
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Textbook in PDF format Many workers in the biological sciences—physiologists, psychologists, sociologists—are interested in cybernetics and would like to apply its methods and techniques to their own speciality. Many have, however, been prevented from taking up the subject by an impression that its use must be preceded by a long study of electronics and advanced pure mathematics; for they have formed the impression that cybernetics and these subjects are inseparable. The author is convinced, however, that this impression is false. The basic ideas of cybernetics can be treated without reference to electronics, and they are fundamentally simple; so although advanced techniques may be necessary for advanced applications, a great deal can be done, especially in the biological sciences, by the use of quite simple techniques, provided they are used with a clear and deep understanding of the principles involved. It is the author’s belief that if the subject is founded in the common-place and well understood, and is then built up carefully, step by step, there is no reason why the worker with only elementary mathematical knowledge should not achieve a complete understanding of its basic principles. With such an understanding he will then be able to see exactly what further techniques he will have to learn if he is to proceed further; and, what is particularly useful, he will be able to see what techniques he can safely ignore as being irrelevant to his purpose. The book is intended to provide such an introduction. It starts from common-place and well-understood concepts, and proceeds, step by step, to show how these concepts can be made exact, and how they can be developed until they lead into such subjects as feedback, stability, regulation, ultrastability, information, coding, noise, and other cybernetic topics. Throughout the book no knowledge of mathematics is required beyond elementary algebra; in particular, the arguments nowhere depend on the calculus (the few references to it can be ignored without harm, for they are intended only to show how the calculus joins on to the subjects discussed, if it should be used). The illustrations and examples are mostly taken from the biological, rather than the physical, sciences. Its overlap with Design for a Brain is small, so that the two books are almost independent. They are, however, intimately related, and are best treated as complementary; each will help to illuminate the other. Cybernetics is here defined as «the science of control and communication, in the animal and the machine» - in a word, as the art of steersmanship; and this book will interest all who are interested in cybernetics, communication theory and methods for regulation and control. W. Ross Ashby (1903-1972) was an English psychiatrist and a pioneer in cybernetics, the study of complex systems. His two books, «Design for a Brain» and «An Introduction to Cybernetics,» were landmark works. They introduced exact and logical thinking into the nascent discipline and were highly influential. What is new The peculiarities of cybernetics The uses of cybernetics Mechanism Change Transformation Repeated change The Determinate Machine Vectors The Machine with Input Coupling systems Feedback Independence within a whole The very large system Stability Disturbance Equilibrium in part and whole The Black Box Isomorphic machines Homomorphic machines The very large Box The incompletely observable Box Variety Quantity of Variety Constraint Importance of constraint Variety in machines Transmission of Variety Inversion Transmission from system to system Transmission through a channel Incessant Transmission The Markov chain Entropy Noise Regulation and control Regulation in Biological Systems Survival Requisite Variety The law Control Some variations The Error-controlled Regulator The Markovian machine Markovian regulation Determinate regulation The power amplifier Games and strategies Regulating the Very Large System Repetitive disturbance Designing the regulator Quantity of selection Selection and machinery Amplifying Regulation What is an amplifier? . Amplification in the brain Amplifying intelligence References Answers to exercises Index
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Ashby W. An Introduction to Cybernetics 2015.pdf
9.4 MB