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jackson g novel sensors sensing 2019

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Textbook in PDF format Over the last twenty years there has been tremendous growth in the research and development of sensors and sensor signal processing methods. Advances in materials and fabrication techniques have led to a departure from traditional sensor types and the development of novel sensing techniques and devices, many of which are now finding favor in indust. Preface. The instrumentation system. Introduction. The philosophy of measurement. Random errors. Systematic errors. Environmental disturbances. System design and the contribution of errors. The general instrumentation system. The overall transfer function. Dynamic response of the sensor. The measurement system as a series of networks Bibliography. References. Exercises. Resonator sensors. Introduction. The damped harmonic oscillator. The non-driven oscillator. The driven oscillator. Q factor. Driving techniques. Vibrating wire sensors. Torsionally vibrating rod. Longitudinally vibrating plate. Flexural resonators. Vibrating cylinder. The tuning fork. The double tuning fork structure. 2Bulk acoustic wave resonator sensors. Thick films References Exercises. Semiconductor-based sensors. Introduction. Mechanical microsensors. Using silicon to measure strain. Pressure gauges. Accelerometers. Flow sensors. Angular rate sensors. Surface acoustic wave sensors (SAWS). Mass and gas/vapour sensors. Temperature sensor. Strain sensor. Magnetic sensor. Conclusion. Chemical microsensors. Ions in solution. Measurement of pH. The ISFET. FET gas sensors. Biosensors. Conclusion. Optical sensors. The wave-particle duality. Definitions and units. Light sources. Sensor types. Temperature sensors. Thermal infrared radiation sensors. Thermistors. Integrated circuit temperature sensors. Detectors of ionizing radiation. Radioactivity and historical developments. Counting and spectra. Absorption processes. Solid-state detectors. Magnetic sensors. Hall effect. Magnetoresistance . Magnetodiode. Magnetotransistor. Optical fibre sensors. Introduction. The optical waveguide. Principles of propagation. Degradation of transmission in optical fibres. Manufacturing techniques. Comparison of optical fibres with electrical lines. Extrinsic optical fibre sensors. Displacement sensors. Positional encoders. Absorption sensors. Luminescence sensors. Total internal reflection-based sensors. Pyrometers. Intrinsic optical fibre sensors. Physical distortion. Change in optical-path length. Rotation of polarization. Distributed sensing. Sensing mechanisms. Multiplexing. Referencing techniques References. Exercises. Intelligent sensing. Introduction. Discontinuous-time sampling. Discrete sampling of the measurand. Digital-to-analogue conversion. Analogue-to-digital conversion. PC-based data acquisition boards. Smart sensors. Artificial intelligence in instrumentation. Rule-based expert systems. Fuzzy logic. Artificial neural networks. References. Exercises. Data signal characterization and recovery. Introduction. Classification of data signals. Deterministic data signals. Random data signals. Characterization of random data signals. Mean values and variances. Probability density functions. Multi-variable probabilities, covariance and correlation. The correlation concept for time-dependent signals. Auto-correlation and spectral density functions. Noise. Origins of noise. Noise reduction techniques. Interference. Sources of interference and coupling mechanisms. Interference reduction techniques References. Exercises. Novel developments in flow measurement systems. Introduction. Types of flow field. Laminar flow. Turbulent flow. Non-steady flow. The cross-correlation flowmeter. Ultrasound. The Doppler effect. The echo spectrum. Forward and reverse flow. Blood flow measurement References. Exercises. Answers to exercises

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