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qadir m unconventional water resources 2022

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Textbook in PDF format This book examines unconventional water resources as a response to global water security. Provides insights into the way forward in harnessing unconventional water resources. Water as an instrument for international cooperation in achieving sustainable development. Intro Foreword Editors and Contributors Setting the Scene Global Water Scarcity and Unconventional Water Resources Water Scarcity: Evolution of Concepts Water-Scarcity Trends Responding to Water Scarcity with Unconventional Water Resources Unconventional Water Resources and Water-Related SDGs Key Features of the Book References Harvesting Water from Air and on the Ground Rain Enhancement Through Cloud Seeding Introduction History Status Technological Interventions Seeding Materials Transport and Dispersion Seeding Strategies Seeding Operation Response and Impacts of Cloud Seeding Could-Seeding Conditions Economics Redistribution and "Negative Enhancement" of Precipitation Environmental Issues Planning Rain Enhancement Projects Conclusions References Fog Harvesting Introduction History Technological Interventions Testing Feasibility: Standard Fog Collectors Operating Projects: Large Fog Collectors Considering Efficiency: The CloudFisher Exploring Designs: Alternative Collectors Status Major Barriers and Response Options Conclusions -- References Micro-catchment Rainwater Harvesting Introduction Types and Uses of MIWH Household Systems Farm and Landscape Systems Applications in Dry Environments Contour Ridges/bunds for the Restoration of Degraded Rangelands Management of Small Water Harvesting Reservoirs Challenges and Potential Response Options Climate Uncertainties and Storage Cost Modernization and Technical Capacity Upstream-Downstream Conflicts Payment for Environmental Services Conclusions -- References Tapping Offshore and Onshore Deep Groundwater Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Shelf Environments Introduction History of Offshore Freshened Groundwater Discovery and Utilization Occurrence, Distribution, and Volume Estimates of Offshore Freshened Groundwater Comparison with Onshore Fresh and Brackish Water Resources Mechanisms of Emplacement Recent Developments in Offshore Freshened Groundwater Exploration Development of Offshore Freshened Groundwater Discussion -- 5.9 Conclusions References Continental Brackish Groundwater Resources Introduction Occurrence and Volume Estimates Geochemistry Timing and Mechanisms of Brackish Water Emplacement Geophysical Exploration Methods for Brackish Water Resources Discussion Conclusions References Reusing Used Water Municipal Wastewater Introduction Technological Interventions History Status Major Barriers and Response Options Major Barriers Response Options Conclusions -- References Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Water Introduction Technological Interventions Design Basics of Drainage Water Reuse Irrigation Strategies for Reuse of Saline Drainage Water Historical Perspective: Drainage Water Reuse Studies and Farmer Practices Research Studies Conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California Tree Crops Research Results with Salt-Tolerant Forages Research Results with Drainage Water on Halophytes Farmer Experiences with Use of Saline Waters Worldwide Design Capabilities of Transient State Models Monitoring Methodology for Use of Saline Drainage Waters Drainage Water Reuse and Disposal Issues: Major Barriers and Responses by Stakeholders Conclusions References Moving Water Physically Water Transportation via Icebergs Towing Introduction Technological Interventions History Research Status Trade-offs Conclusions References Ballast Water Introduction Technological Interventions Ballast Water Isolation Ballast Water Exchange Ballast Water Treatment Methods History Development Progress State-of-the-Art Onboard Treatment Onshore Treatment Facilities Major Barriers and Response Options Conclusions References Developing New Water Desalinated Water Introduction Technological Interventions Thermal Desalination Membrane Desalination Comparison of Alternative Desalination Technologies History Status Major Barriers and Response Options Cost of Water Production Power Use Concentrate Management Institutional Challenges Conclusions -- References Promoting the Enabling Environment Governance of Unconventional Water Resources Introduction What is Governance? The Role of sovereignty Overall Principles to Guide the Development of UWRs Good neighborliness and no Significant Harm Protection of the environment and the precautionary approach The equitable and reasonable use principle and intergenerational equity Sovereign Rights and UWR Harvesting water from the atmosphere Deep groundwater Reusing water Moving water physically Desalinated water Developing a Domestic Governance Regime Conclusion References Economics and Innovative Financing Mechanisms in a Circular Economy Introduction Market Opportunities for Water Reuse in the Circular Economy Who Pays for Water Reuse? Environmental Benefits and Non-action Cost in Water Reuse Monetary Valuation of Non-action Cost Economic Incentives to Promote Water Reuse Conclusions References The Future of Unconventional Water Resources References

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qadir m unconventional water resources 2022