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leffler w petrochemicals nontechnical language 4ed 2010

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Textbook in PDF format There are four parts to this book, if you leave out the housekeeping and appendices. The first is only two chapters—the mandatory discussion of chemistry and a primer on processes in general. Our editors tell us the book would not be technically complete without them. It’s not bad, but we met a reader once who just skimmed it and did okay with the rest. The next five chapters cover the base chemicals—the building blocks benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, propylene, and the C4s—from which most of the remaining petrochemicals are derived. The third part, a large midsection of 17 chapters, has all the first and second line derivatives. Some of them will be of interest to you. Some will not. The final section covers polymers, which are “borderline” petrochemicals. We debated whether they belong in a book about petrochemicals, but most of the clients to whom we give the course based on this book want to know about them. So we wrote them and they seemed to complete the linkage from raw materials (coal, oil, gas) all the way to consumer products. If you don’t agree, don’t read them. At the end of the text are the quick references, the glossary and the index. Use them when you have little time for pedantic endeavor. As a side note about nomenclature in this book, we should mention that we switch back and forth indiscriminately among synonyms, notations, and different conventions. For example, we use butylene sometimes and butene others; C2H4 sometimes, CH2=CH2 others. That’s the way it is in industry, so you might as well get used to it here. Foreword Preface What You Need to Know about Organic Chemistry Organic Chemicals Paraffins Olefins Cyclic Compounds Heterocompounds Polymers and Oligomers Processes and Equipment Distillation Measuring Processes Catalysts Separation and Transformation Benzene A Historical Perspective Benzene from Coal Benzene in Petroleum Refining Benzene from Olefin Plants Benzene from Toluene Hydrodealkylation Benzene from Toluene Disproportionation Commercial Aspects Toluene and the Xylenes Toluene The Xylenes Olefin Plants, Ethylene, and Propylene Olefin Plants Other Technologies Ethylene Propylene Cyclohexane The Traditional Process The Liquid Phase Process Commercial Aspects The C4 Hydrocarbon Family Processing Butadiene Isobutylene Butene-1 Butene-2 Alkylation Cumene and Phenol Cumene Phenol Ethylbenzene and Styrene Ethylbenzene Styrene Ethylene Dichloride, Vinyl Chloride, and Epichlorohydrin Ethylene Dichloride and Vinyl Chloride Epichlorohydrin Ethylene Oxide and Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Glycol Propylene Oxide and Propylene Glycol Propylene Oxide Propylene Glycol Ethanolamines and Polyols Ethanolamines Polyols Methanol and Synthesis Gas Synthesis Gas Methanol Fischer-Tropsch Process The Process The Equipment Lots of Other Alcohols Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Normal Butyl Alcohol and 2-Ethyl Hexanol Secondary and Tertiary Butyl Alcohols 1,4-Butanediol The Higher Alcohols MTBE The Process Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde The Ketones: Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Acids Acetic Acid Adipic Acid Phthalic Acids Maleic Anhydride The Process Commercial Aspects Acrylonitrile, Acrylic Acid, and Acrylates Acrylonitrile Acrylic Acid Acrylates Methacrylates Aniline and Phosgene Aniline Phosgene Bisphenol A The Process Commercial Aspects Alpha Olefins Historical Development Manufacturing Alpha Olefins Commercial Aspects Making Polymers A Little History Classifying Polymers Making Polymers Methods of Polymerization Polymer Properties Thermoplastics Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyvinyl Chloride Polystyrene Foams Choosing Plastics MDI and TDI MDI TDI Polyurethane The Chemistry Processing Commercial Aspects Epoxy Resins and Polycarbonates Epoxy Resins Polycarbonates Fibers and Other Resins Resins Fibers Appendix: Conversion and Yield Calculations Measuring Glossary Index

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leffler w petrochemicals nontechnical language 4ed 2010

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