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hua l mechanics hydrogels properties app 2022

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Textbook in PDF format The Mechanics of Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties, Testing, and Applications offers readers a systematic description of the mechanical properties and characterizations of hydrogels. Practical topics such as manufacturing hydrogels with controlled mechanical properties and the mechanical testing of hydrogels are covered at length, as are areas such as inelastic and nonlinear deformation, rheological characterization, fracture and indentation testing, mechanical properties of cellularly responsive hydrogels, and more. Proper instrumentation and modeling techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of hydrogels are also explored. Preface Mechanical characterization of hydrogels Introduction Classification of hydrogels Source Polymer composition Polymer network configuration Type of cross-linking Mechanical testing of hydrogels Macroscale testing Tension test Compression test Fracture test Indentation testing Microscopy-based testing Key mechanical properties Elastic properties Failure stress and fracture toughness Time-dependent properties Concluding remarks References Deformation and fracture behaviors of long-fiber hydrogels Introduction Background Hydrogel structure Experimental approaches Universal tests Microstructural observations Deformation behaviors Inelastic behavior of fibrous network Tensile behavior Compressive behavior Effect of liquid phase Fracture behavior Summary and conclusions References Linear and nonlinear deformation behavior of hydrogels Introduction The linear theory of chemomechanical coupling Analytical solutions of linear chemomechanical coupling problems The uniaxial stress problem for hydrogel rod The centrosymmetric problem in spheric hydrogel Hollow cylindrical hydrogel considering the end bending effect The plain-strain problem in hydrogel cylinder Nonlinear swelling modeling of hydrogel Nonlinear constitutive model The material constitutive model The variation formulation Transient swelling of a square hydrogel with a hole Conclusions Acknowledgments References Mechanical testing of hydrogels Introduction Standard mechanical tests Tensile Compression Indentation Micro- and nanoindentation Spherical indentation Freestanding spherical indentation Nondestructive elastography Ultrasound elastography Optical coherence elastography Brillouin microscopy Conclusions References Multi-scale instrumented indentation of hydrogels Introduction Theoretical fundamentals Classical elastic contact models Nonadhesion normal contact of elastic solids Johnson–Kendall–Roberts adhesion contact theory of elastic solids Constitutive models of hydrogels Hyperelastic model Viscoelastic model Poroelastic model Multi-scale indentation experimental technique Measurement instruments Indenter's tip selection Determination of the initial contact surface Test methods Material parameter identification methods Elastic modulus and hardness Nonlinear elastic properties Viscoelastic properties Poroelastic properties Typical applications Indentation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels Indentation of articular cartilage Conclusions and future perspectives Acknowledgments References Fatigue of hydrogels Characterization of fatigue Fatigue of hydrogels with long chains as elastic dissipators Experimental data of fatigue of hydrogels PAAm hydrogels PNIPAM hydrogels PVA hydrogels PAAm-G hydrogels PAAm-PAMPS double-network hydrogels PAAm-Ca-alginate double-network hydrogels PAAm-PVA double-network hydrogels PVA-PAA double-network hydrogels Lake–Thomas model Lake–Thomas model for elastomers Lake–Thomas model adapted for single-network hydrogels Lake–Thomas model adapted for double-network hydrogels Fatigue of hydrogels with heterogeneous structures Chain crystallization Fiber composite Crystallized fibers Fatigue of hydrogel adhesion Long chain as elastic dissipater Crystallization Prospects References Dynamic behaviors of the hydrogel Introduction Experiment Hydrogel preparation Static compressive experiment SHPB experiment Results and discussion for static compressive experiments Results and discussion for impact experiments Concluding remarks Expectation References Numerical modeling of hydrogels: from microscopic network to macroscopic material Introduction Background Aim Method Finite-element analysis Fundamental concepts Fiber orientation and distributions Affine and nonaffine networks Fiber curvature Numerical modelling Continuous models of fibrous networks Discontinuous models of fibrous networks Periodic and nonperiodic boundary conditions Size effects of mechanical properties Microstructural effects on mechanics of fibrous networks Fiber-to-fiber connections Conclusion References Multiscale modeling of hydrogels Introduction Nanoscale modeling of hydrogels Microscale modeling methods—molecular dynamics and dissipative particle dynamics Thermal conduction in hydrogels (MD simulation) The effect of solvent water in hydrogel Hydrogel models and dissipative particle dynamics Mesoscale modeling of hydrogels (new insights) What does mesoscale modeling of hydrogels refer to? Available theoretical tools for mesoscale for hydrogel modeling The foundation of the complex network science Establish a complex network model for hydrogels Applications of mesoscale approach modeling for hydrogel Elastic modulus from the perspective of complex network science Fracture criterion of hydrogels from the perspective of complex network science Macroscale modeling of hydrogels The model of salt concentration–sensitive hydrogels The model of pH-sensitive hydrogels The model of temperature-sensitive hydrogels The model of photo-thermal–sensitive hydrogel The model of magnetic-sensitive hydrogel The implementation of various models into ABAQUS Discussion on methods for modeling hydrogels Conclusions Acknowledgments References Modeling of stimuli-responsive hydrogels: a transient analysis Introduction Formulation Chemical field based on the law of mass conservation Electric field Mechanical field based on the law of momentum conservation Fixed charge density based on the material law Nondimensionalization Boundary conditions Initial conditions Transient algorithm Kinetic swelling ratio Diffusion coefficient Model examination for ionic-strength–sensitive hydrogel Kinetic reversible swelling/shrinking of HMDT Kinetic reversible swelling/shrinking of CPMA Kinetic shrinking of SMA Parameter studies for ionic-strength–sensitive hydrogel Analysis of reversible kinetics Influence of initial fixed charge density Influence of Young's modulus Parameter studies for electric-sensitive hydrogel Kinetics of diffusive ion concentrations Variation of distributive electric potential with time Variation of distributive displacement of the hydrogel with time Summary and conclusions References Mechanically driven phase transition of physical hydrogels Introduction Formulation Free energy density Governing equations Mechanical field Chemical field Thermal field Constitutive equations Results and discussion Equilibrium analysis for steady-state subject to hydrostatic loading Transient analysis of spherically symmetrical phase transition Conclusions Acknowledgments References Large deformation behavior of magnetic hydrogels Introduction Magneto-chemo-mechanical model Magneto-chemo-electro-mechanical model Large deformation of magnetic hydrogels Deformation of magnetic-sensitive hydrogel Deformation of dual magnetic-pH–sensitive hydrogel Design of the magnetic-sensitive hydrogel–based device Conclusion Acknowledgments References Enzyme functionalized hydrogels: relationship between stimuli and mechanical response Introduction Methodology Results and discussion Effect of enzyme concentration Effect of pH and temperature Mechanical response versus (urea) stimuli Mechanical response versus (salt) stimuli Conclusion Acknowledgment References Index

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hua l mechanics hydrogels properties app 2022