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smil v growth from microorganisms megacities 2019 pdf

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Textbook in PDF format A systematic investigation of growth in nature and society, from tiny organisms to the trajectories of empires and civilizations. Growth has been both an unspoken and an explicit aim of our individual and collective striving. It governs the lives of microorganisms and galaxies; it shapes the capabilities of our extraordinarily large brains and the fortunes of our economies. Growth is manifested in annual increments of continental crust, a rising gross domestic product, a child's growth chart, the spread of cancerous cells. In this magisterial book, Vaclav Smil offers systematic investigation of growth in nature and society, from tiny organisms to the trajectories of empires and civilizations. Smil takes readers from bacterial invasions through animal metabolisms to megacities and the global economy. He begins with organisms whose mature sizes range from microscopic to enormous, looking at disease-causing microbes, the cultivation of staple crops, and human growth from infancy to adulthood. He examines the growth of energy conversions and man-made objects that enable economic activities—developments that have been essential to civilization. Finally, he looks at growth in complex systems, beginning with the growth of human populations and proceeding to the growth of cities. He considers the challenges of tracing the growth of empires and civilizations, explaining that we can chart the growth of organisms across individual and evolutionary time, but that the progress of societies and economies, not so linear, encompasses both decline and renewal. The trajectory of modern civilization, driven by competing imperatives of material growth and biospheric limits, Smil tells us, remains uncertain. Trajectories: or common patterns of growth Time Spans Figures of Merit Linear and Exponential Growth Confined Growth Patterns Collective Outcomes of Growth Nature: or growth of living matter Microorganisms and Viruses Trees and Forests Crops Animals Humans Energies: or growth of primary and secondary converters Harnessing Water and Wind Steam: Boilers, Engines, and Turbines Internal Combustion Engines Nuclear Reactors and PV Cells Electric Lights and Motors Artifacts: or growth of man-made objects and their performances Tools and Simple Machines Structures Infrastructures Transportation Electronics Populations, Societies, Economies: or growth of the most complex assemblies Populations Cities Empires Economies Civilizations What Comes After Growth: or demise and continuity Life Cycles of Organisms Retreat of Artifacts and Processes Populations and Societies Economies Modern Civilization Coda Abbreviations Scientific Units and Their Multiples and Submultiples References Index

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Smil V. Growth. From Microorganisms to Megacities 2019.pdf 77.2 MB

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smil v growth from microorganisms megacities 2019 pdf

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