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mierke c physics cancer vol 2 2ed 2018

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Textbook in PDF format In order to increase the healing opportunities of cancer, it is important to impair the dissemination and the spreading of cancer cells from the initial tumor and the formation of metastases in other organs or tissues of the human body. The underlying physical principles of these oncological processes are a major constituent of the research field highlighted in Physics of Cancer. This completely revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion. Preface Preface for second edition Acknowledgments Author biography Claudia Tanja Mierke Microtubules during migration and matrix invasion Summary The structure and assembly of microtubules The assembly of the mitotic spindle during cell division How are the different subsets of spindle microtubules organized? What forces are present in the spindle microtubule network? How are the forces altered by crosslinked microtubule pairs? Microtubules and cell motility Functional role of microtubules in cell motility in D and D Microtubules in cell morphogenesis and D motility The cell–matrix adhesion and trafficking in D microenvironments The microtubule-related signaling in D microenvironments Effect of microtubules on cell mechanical properties The interactions of microtubules with actin filaments Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) The role of MAPs in D cell migration Direct interaction between microtubules and actin Microtubules and actin isoforms are segregated in different compartments The epithelial cell migratory capacity is driven by an EB–γ-actin interaction Effect of the microtubule–actin interaction on the mechanical properties of cells Interaction between microtubules and actin affects barrier function The impact of microtubule alterations on diseases such as cancer metastasis Role of tubulin isotypes in cancer The role of tubulin in oncogenetic signal transduction References and further reading Nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion Summary The physical role of the nucleus in cell migration Mechanical properties of the nucleus Nucleus–cytoskeleton–extracellular matrix connections Nucleus–cytoskeleton connections Impact on nucleus–cytoskeletal interactions on cell adhesion Mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction Mechanotransduction and nuclear function The nucleus: linking structural form to function LINC complexes and nuclear mechanotransduction Nesprins SUNs Emerin Mechanotransduction via the nuclear envelope: a distant reflection of the cell surface The nuclear envelope and the cell membrane share similarities in their mechanosensitivity LINC complex reinforcement Nuclear membrane tension Lamina remodeling Nuclear positioning and cell polarization in cell migration Nucleus–cytoskeleton connection dependent cell migration Cell squeezing through constrictions Models of the nucleus during cell migration Nucleoskeleton The size and rigidity of the nucleus: a physical barrier for cell migration Lamins determine nuclear deformability and migration through confined environments The role of chromatin in nuclear deformability and migration Cytoskeletal forces pulling or pushing on the nucleus Pulling the nucleus forward Pushing the nucleus forward Physical compartmentalization by the nucleus Biological consequences of nuclear deformation during D cell migration Influences on cell survival and genomic stability Influences on mechanotransduction signaling and gene expression Nuclear mechanotransduction Structural organization of nuclear lamina Direct transmission of forces to the nucleus Nucleus deformability dictates mechanosensitive response to fast and slow physical inputs Conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals Molecular mediators of cellular mechanotransduction Force-dependent genome reorganization modulates transcription Nuclear envelope rupture and repair during cancer cell migration References and further reading The mechanical and structural properties of the microenvironment Summary Why is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue crucial for the invasion of cancer cells? D collagen matrices partly mimic the natural extracellular matrix scaffold Pore size Matrix stiffness Plate rheometer Effect of the temperature on collagen type I polymerization Comparison of active microrheology and bulk rheology Active microrheology (optical trapping) of primary murine melanoma AFM for D collagen matrices MRE Matrix composition The impact of fiber thickness, connection points and polymerization dynamics on cancer cell invasion The role of a matrix stiffness gradient in cancer cell invasion Stiffened matrices as a model for tumors Fibrosis models for cell culture: heterogeneous structure with homogeneous ligand References and further reading The impact of cells and substances within the extracellular matrix tissue on mechanical properties and cell invasion Summary The impact of tumor-associated fibroblasts on matrix mechanical properties Cancer-associated fibroblasts align fibronectin in the matrix to enhance cancer cell migration The role of substances and growth factors within the extracellular matrix for cancer cell mechanical properties Mechanical properties of extracellular matrix fiber networks using magnetic twisting cytometry References and further reading The active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion Summary The stroma enhances malignant cancer progression Biomechanical alterations in cancer cells Extracellular matrix evoked alterations in cancer cell functions Biomechanical alterations in multicellular spheroids Biomechanical alterations of extracellular matrix stroma in cancer Stromal influence on the behavior of cancer cells How can the extracellular matrix of the stroma be mimicked? D and D matrices Collagen-based hydrogel matrices Cell-free tissue extracellular matrices The stroma decreases malignant cancer progression Stiffness Fiber alignment and structure Force, external stress and mechano-sensing mechanisms The role of interstitial flow Molecular interactions between cancer cells and the stroma How is the dual role of the stroma affected? References and further reading The role of endothelial cell–cell adhesions Summary The expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules The strength of cell–cell adhesions The cancer cell transmigration route The paracellular transendothelial migration route The transcellular transendothelial migration route The role of cancer cell exerted invadopodia during transendothelial migration Tumor extracellular vesicles and interaction with the vascular system such as endothelial cells and immune cells Tumor extracellular vesicles induce vascular leakiness and promote circulating tumor cell arrival to distant sites for metastasis Tumor extracellular vesicles help to establish new target sites for tumor growth termed the pre-metastatic niche References and further reading The mechanical properties of endothelial cells altered by aggressive cancer cells Summary The role of endothelial cell stiffness The role of the endothelial contractile apparatus Interaction between cancer cells and endothelial cells in D spheroids References and further reading The role of macrophages during cancer cell transendothelial migration Summary What is the role of macrophages during cancer disease? Impact of Mena on cancer cell invasion and macrophages Impact of Mena on macrophages Impact of Notch and Mena signaling during cancer cell and macrophage interaction References and further reading

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